United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries 2017


Book Description

The Manual is a response to the need, often expressed by developing countries, for clearer guidance on the policy and administrative aspects of applying transfer pricing (profit shifting) analysis to some of the transactions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in particular.




The 2017 Update of the United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries


Book Description

The United Nations (UN) Subcommittee on Article 9 (Associated Enterprises) - Transfer Pricing ("Subcommittee") has recently worked on an update of the UN Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries ("Manual"), which was officially presented on 7 April 2017, at the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) meeting in New York. The work on the update of the first edition of the Manual, which was released in 2013, started at the 11th session of the UN Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters ("Committee") in Geneva on 19-23 October 2015. After that session, the Subcommittee met three times in order to discuss the updates to the Manual before presenting them at the 12th session of the Committee in Geneva on 11-14 October 2016.




United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing 2021


Book Description

The Manual is a response to the need, often expressed by developing countries, for clearer guidance on the policy and administrative aspects of applying transfer pricing (profit shifting) analysis to some of the transactions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in particular.







Transfer Pricing


Book Description

Any contemporary Chinese transfer pricing assessment needs to consider the United Nation (UN) Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries released in May 2013. In particular, Chapter 10 discusses Country Practices and presents China's most up to date transfer pricing policy statement. China is not an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member nor has it formally adopted the OECD's Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations. Chapter 10 makes it very clear that China is charting a different transfer pricing course in at least nine important areas. China believes that: 1. significant comparability adjustments are needed when comparable sets are drawn from developed countries; 2. the transactional net margin (TNMM) is considered overused and inaccurate; 3. location savings must be reflected in the costs; 4. toll manufacturers will be converted into contract manufacturers; 5. limited risk distributor status is denied for brand building distributors; 6. market premiums must be reflected in Chinese profits; 7. tax haven based IP ownership can be “looked through” or denied; 8. cost-plus methodology is rejected for “high and new technology status” (HNTS) entities; 9. royalty adjustments over time are necessary.The Chinese approach to transfer pricing or at least the approach presented in the Practical Manual uses familiar OECD terminology but it places a very different emphasis on some basic concepts in the OECD Guidelines. Thus, the Chinese market economics strengthens the State Administration of Taxation's hand and encourages more forceful transfer pricing policies. This is the case even though these policies diverge from OECD norms. This paper considers the nine major areas where the Chinese position in the UN Practical Manual differs from positions in the OECD Guidelines.




The New China Country Practice Chapter of the UN Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing : Reflections on Post-BEPS Transfer Pricing in the Middle-Kingdom


Book Description

In this article, the authors critically analyse the China Country Practice Chapter inserted into the United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries in 2016. They present a critique of the major transfer pricing challenges facing China and the purported solutions to them. In this context, the article gives an overview of the strategies and practice developments of China's State Administration of Taxation, addressing conceptual gaps and linking the tax administration's policy statements to its enforcement practice.




Transfer Pricing


Book Description

Aims at providing the background of transfer pricing rules, both from a theoretical and a practical standpoint. This entails first describing the arm's length principle, the key pillars of the set of rules embodied in the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations (OECD Guidelines) and in the draft version of the United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries (the UN TP Manual)




Transfer Pricing


Book Description

The UN Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries endeavors to provide “clearer guidance on the policy and administrative aspects of applying transfer pricing analysis.” Chapter 10 is particularly noteworthy. It sets out specific country practices. The rules in Brazil, China, India and South Africa are offered as templates for developing countries to follow. This article considers the Brazilian contribution to Chapter 10. Although some writers believe that developing countries should adopt the Brazilian model this article suggests otherwise. Even though it is a theoretically simple system, some aspects of the Brazilian model consistently work to the fiscal disadvantage of the country adopting it. As a general matter, this is not a transfer pricing regime that should be widely emulated by developing countries.In particular, developing countries that offer low cost manufacturing opportunities to MNEs and those that offer market access to an expanding middle class may be disappointed to learn that the Brazilian transfer pricing regime systematically shifts income out of the country. The problem is mainly with the import rules.




Fundamentals of Transfer Pricing


Book Description

Transfer pricing continues to be one of the most significant areas of heightened controversy in international taxation for multinational enterprises and tax administrations. Due to its far-reaching consequences, tax professionals and individual tax jurisdictions are required to understand the fundamentals of the topic, which is often caught in a maze of literature. Emerging from the joint research conducted by the WU Transfer Pricing Center at the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business), the international tax law firm L&P – Ludovici Piccone & Partners, and the experiences from the annual advanced transfer pricing courses and conferences, this first edition of the book acts as a manual for understanding transfer pricing principles and their practical application. It provides a balanced approach by first detailing the basics of transfer pricing and second proceeding to specific topics that are highly relevant in today's tax environment. For the purpose of easy understanding, the book is presented in two parts: Part I: General Topics I. Introduction to Transfer Pricing II. Accurate Delineation and Recognition of Actual Transactions: Comparability Analysis III. Transfer Pricing Methods (Part I): Traditional Transaction Methods IV. Transfer Pricing Methods (Part II): Transactional Profit Methods V. Administrative Approaches to Avoiding/Minimizing Transfer Pricing Disputes VI. Administrative Approaches to Resolving Transfer Pricing Disputes VII. Transfer Pricing Documentation: Master File, Country File and Country-by-Country Reporting Part II: Specific Topics VIII. Attribution of Profits to Permanent Establishments IX. Transfer Pricing and Intra-group Services X. Transfer Pricing and Intra-group Financial Transactions XI. Transfer Pricing and Intangibles XII. Transfer Pricing, Supply Chain Management and Business Restructurings XIII. Transfer Pricing and Customs Valuation XIV. Transfer Pricing and EU State Aid In analysing the above topics, the work undertaken by the OECD, UN, EU, World Customs Organization, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and other international organizations is considered. Moreover, the book contains several practical examples, judicial precedents and illustrative explanations to complement the understanding. The book will be a catalyst for immense learning of students and young professionals who are at the introductory stage of understanding the nuances of transfer pricing. Further, the book also caters to tax lawyers, in-house tax counsels and academics working in international organizations, the business community and advisory firms as well as government officials interested in understanding transfer pricing.




Nigerian Perspective on UN Transfer Pricing Manual


Book Description

In April 2017, the United Nations Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters published the second edition of the UN Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries. The main thrust of the revision to the manual is to bring it in alignment with the current Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project of the OECD and the Group of Twenty countries. Also, consideration was given to feedback obtained since the first edition was published as well as to transfer pricing developments. Some of the main changes in the second edition of the manual include a new chapter on intra-group services, a new chapter on cost contribution arrangements, as well as major updates to other chapters. This article reviews some of these changes and their possible impact on the administration of transfer pricing rules in Nigeria.