Skin-friction Measurements in Incompressible Flow


Book Description

Experiment have been conducted to measure the local surface-shear stress and the average skin-friction coefficient in incompressible flow for a turbulent boundary layer on a smooth flat plate having zero pressure gradient. Data were obtained for a range of Reynolds numbers from 1 million to 45 million. The local surface-shear stress was measured by a floating-element skin-friction balance and also by a calibrated total head tube located on the surface of the test wall. The average skin-friction coefficient was obtained from boundary-layer velocity profiles.







Summary of Studies on the Measurement of Local Skin Friction by Means of the Surface Impact Or Preston Tube


Book Description

This report summarizes work done on the use of the surface impact probe, or Preston tube, method of measuring skin friction in turbulent, compressible boundary layers. The theory for incompressible flow was extended to the case of adiabatic, compressible flow, and the extended theory was experimentally shown to be valid. It has also been demonstrated that the extension is applicable to adiabatic flow with moderate adverse pressure gradients. Experimental and theoretical efforts to apply the impact probe method to compressible flows with moderate, aerodynamic heating were only partially successful. (Author).




Correlation of Skin Friction with Preston-Tube Measurements on a Cone


Book Description

This publication develops the first correlation equation between the theoretical turbulent skin friction with Preston-tube measurements on a subsonic cone. Lecturers, scientists, and practicing engineers in the field of fluid dynamics should be interested in this development. The goals of this NASA sponsored research are in two fold: (1) to develop a new procedure which could be used to develop a correlation equation for correlating Preston-tube pressure measurements within turbulent boundary layers with the corresponding theoretical values of skin friction coefficient, and (2) to apply the procedure to a ten-degree cone in order to obtain the said correlation equation. The boundary layer conservation of mass, momentum, and energy equations are numerically solved. The inviscid pressure distribution is also numerically determined in order to specify the boundary conditions along the outer edge of the boundary layer. Finally, the Preston- tube pressure measurements are correlated to the corresponding theoretical skin friction coefficient values by means of a least-squares technique.













Skin Friction of Incompressible Turbulent Boundary Layers Under Adverse Pressure Gradients


Book Description

Experimental data for skin friction of turbulent boundary layers under adverse pressure gradient are presented from several sources. Data obtained by momentum balance are shown to follow a trend opposite to that of data obtained by a hot-wire and heat-transfer methods. A new integral energy parameter and a new momentum thickness are introduced. The momentum equation and total-head measuring techniques are discussed in relation to skin-friction computation.