Wartime Health and Education


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Journal of Bible and Religion


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Includes section "Book reviews."




Education for Victory


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Faith in the Fight


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Faith in the Fight tells a story of religion, soldiering, suffering, and death in the Great War. Recovering the thoughts and experiences of American troops, nurses, and aid workers through their letters, diaries, and memoirs, Jonathan Ebel describes how religion--primarily Christianity--encouraged these young men and women to fight and die, sustained them through war's chaos, and shaped their responses to the war's aftermath. The book reveals the surprising frequency with which Americans who fought viewed the war as a religious challenge that could lead to individual and national redemption. Believing in a "Christianity of the sword," these Americans responded to the war by reasserting their religious faith and proclaiming America God-chosen and righteous in its mission. And while the war sometimes challenged these beliefs, it did not fundamentally alter them. Revising the conventional view that the war was universally disillusioning, Faith in the Fight argues that the war in fact strengthened the religious beliefs of the Americans who fought, and that it helped spark a religiously charged revival of many prewar orthodoxies during a postwar period marked by race riots, labor wars, communist witch hunts, and gender struggles. For many Americans, Ebel argues, the postwar period was actually one of "reillusionment." Demonstrating the deep connections between Christianity and Americans' experience of the First World War, Faith in the Fight encourages us to examine the religious dimensions of America's wars, past and present, and to work toward a deeper understanding of religion and violence in American history.




Religion in War-time


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The national question


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Before the rise of republics, relations between communities were religious and military power based on the rights of the gods and spiritual warfare. The Sublime Powers Granted to the Elect of the Deities With the appearance of the Republics and the Free Man, International Relations as we know them today began: the interaction between the National States with equal culture or legal society, independence, and sovereignty. The right to war disappears; no Republic establishes the law of war to destroy another nation, The world of nations originated and consolidated in the American continent during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. For the other continents, the process began in Europe's First World War and extended to Asia and Africa during the Second World War and the Cold War. But even today, religious empires defend themselves by creating wars within republics and supported by monarchies and spiritual states. Freedom of worship is established in the Republics to end servitude; no more servants of religion who persecute, condemn, and subjugate peoples in the name of the gods. Faith ceases to be an obligation and becomes an option. In the Republic, you can be an atheist during work hours, a worshipper of Venus at lunch, a priest of Bacchus and Morpheus at night, and a worshipper of Huītzilōpōchtli during a sporting event, and no civil authority can judge you for changing religion or, prioritizing science over mythologies. In contrast to natural rights, republics establish citizen and social rights with Constitutions. Nature does not grant any rights. The creation of the Free Man in the American continent gave good results that inspired European intelligence to create great cosmogonies such as Marxism and liberalism. But religious empires remain a factor of control and domination; they have no legal personality, do not pay taxes, have their own rules, and demand tribute from their faithful.