Author : Abigail F. Cantor
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 34,6 MB
Release : 2018-01-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 1351662996
Updated throughout for this new edition, Water Distribution System Monitoring describes the latest water quality monitoring approaches, techniques, and equipment that will assist water utilities for compliance with the "Lead and Copper Rule" as well as address numerous other water quality issues. Water quality data are obtained using the appro
Author : Abigail F. Cantor
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 44,35 MB
Release : 2018-01-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 1351663003
Updated throughout for this new edition, Water Distribution System Monitoring describes the latest water quality monitoring approaches, techniques, and equipment that will assist water utilities for compliance with the "Lead and Copper Rule" as well as address numerous other water quality issues. Water quality data are obtained using the appro
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 34,77 MB
Release : 2006-12-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309133955
Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Author : Gregory J. Kirmeyer
Publisher : American Water Works Association
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 11,4 MB
Release : 2002
Category : Water
ISBN : 1583211861
Provides guidelines for developing a water quality monitoring program specific to the distribution system of a water utility. The report identifies monitoring objectives, addresses common program design issues, and develops protocols for monitoring programs. Topics include nitrification, booster chl
Author : M. Farley
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 37,36 MB
Release : 2003-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 1900222116
This is a best practice manual for addressing water losses in water distribution networks worldwide. Systems and methodologies are presented for improving water loss and leakage management in a range of networks, from systems with a well-developed infrastructure to those in developing countries where the network may need to be upgraded. The key feature of the manual is a diagnostic approach to develop a water loss strategy - using the appropriate tools to find the right solutions - which can be applied to any network. The methods of assessing the scale and volume of water loss are outlined, together with the procedures for setting up leakage monitoring and detection systems. As well as real losses (leakage) procedures for addressing apparent losses, by introducing regulatory and customer metering policies are explained. Suggestions are made for demand management and water conservation programmes, to complement the water loss strategy. Recommendations are made for training workshops and operation and maintenance programmes to ensure skills transfer and sustainability. The manual is illustrated throughout with case studies. Losses in Water Distribution Networks will appeal to a wide range of practitioners responsible for designing and managing a water loss strategy. These include consultants, operations managers, engineers, technicians and operational staff. It will also be a valuable reference for senior managers and decision makers, who may require an overview of the principles and procedures for controlling losses. The book will also be suitable as a source document for courses in Water Engineering, Resource Management and Environmental Management.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 569 pages
File Size : 29,18 MB
Release : 2000-02-17
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0309172683
In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.
Author : Abigail F. Cantor
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 11,78 MB
Release : 2009-03-10
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1439800537
A typical water distribution system is complex and chaotic with varying piping configurations, water flows, chemical reactions, and microbiological activity. It is therefore no surprise that monitoring water quality can be a daunting task, not to mention dealing with the devastating and costly effects of: Noncompliance with the Lead and Copper Rule Pinhole leaks in water service lines and private plumbing Vulnerability to microorganisms in the water distribution system Unwanted side effects from treatment chemicals Mistakes in treatment chemicals and dosage amounts These common water quality issues can be avoided by routinely monitoring key water quality parameters in the distribution system in a controlled and standardized manner. While proactive monitoring costs money, having water quality problems is even more costly. Water Distribution System Monitoring: A Practical Approach for Evaluating Drinking Water Quality provides a practical step-by-step approach and open-source technology for proactive water quality management. It describes a method for routinely monitoring the water distribution system by: Assembling a standardized monitoring station Planning a monitoring strategy, and Interpreting and using the water quality data Deliver safe and economical drinking water to your customers. Why wait three years to find out if the water system is in compliance with the Lead and Copper Rule? Why guess which corrosion control chemical is the right one? Why guess how much disinfection is needed in the water distribution system? Optimize your chemical usage, minimize your operational expenses, and confirm that the water is safe. Laying out a path to quality control and process improvement, this book provides the tools for well-defined and measurable control of water quality.
Author : Larry W. Mays
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 12,91 MB
Release : 2004-04-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0071501339
A must for engineers, professors, and water utility managers involved in the security of water supply systems. Written by a team of experts, this is the first book to provide comprehensive, state-of-the-art coverage of the safety and security of water supply systems. This unique and authoritative compendium presents detailed coverage of the major infrastructure issues in water system security. Topics range from vulnerability assessment to safeguards against cyber threats to hydraulic network analysis for contamination response. Each chapter provides professional guidance on designing, operating, maintaining, and rehabilitating water systems to ensure state-of-the-art and security. FEATURES INCLUDE: * Overview of methodologies for reliability analysis and assessment of vulnerability to terrorist attack and for emergency response planning. * Monitoring and modeling methods for early warning systems that enhance security * Specialized remote monitoring equipment, networks, and optimal location of control and isolation valves * Organizational frameworks and procedures for improving the security and safety of water supply systems * Options for emergency preparedness, including water supply for nonconventional times and contamination responses * Case studies from the field: a reconstruction of historical contamination events * Security hardware and surveillance systems
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 14,22 MB
Release : 2007-01-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309103061
Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Author : Jing Ling
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 16,57 MB
Release : 2022
Category :
ISBN :
Significant contamination events that have occurred in drinking water distribution systems over the last decade have raised public concern and the attention of regulators seeking to protect the safety of municipal drinking water systems. In response, municipalities are interested in using online, real-time continuous sensors to monitor water quality in locations throughout their distribution systems. Despite the significant effort being devoted to developing low-cost and energy-efficient water quality sensors, the reliability and utility of commercial water quality sensors for monitoring municipal drinking water systems have not been validated. In this study, the performance of a real-time, commercial sensor system was compared to conventional laboratory analysis of grab samples collected from fire hydrants in a chloraminated drinking water distribution system. Relationships between sensor output and direct/indirect laboratory analysis were established in both laboratory experiments and field applications. Finally, the stability of the water quality sensor was examined by analyzing the temporal and spatial changes in output over a three-week fire hydrant trial. The results of the study found that the ORP sensors are insensitive to changes in chloramine changes between 1.5 and 2.5 mg/L Cl2 in an oxic system. Overall, the optical sensors in the commercial systems performed poorly for monitoring water quality in the DWDS when the samples were drawn from fire hydrants. Transient pressure changes in the barrel of the fire hydrant released particles that fouled the optical sensor units. Recommendations for real-time water quality sensors installation, performance validation, and data interpretation for municipalities interested in using fire hydrants as DWDS sampling points are provided based on a case study conducted in a chloraminated drinking water distribution system
