"When You Want to Give Up, You Want to Give In": Mentoring Perceptions of African American Women Doctoral Students at a Predominately White Institution


Book Description

Mentoring in graduate education is considered an important and essential part of graduate education. The journey to the doctorate for African American students, especially for African American women, comes with many hurdles and obstacles. Mentorship for these students has become a common topic when discussing faculty- student relationships. This qualitative study was designed to understand the mentoring experiences of African American women human resource development (HRD) doctoral students and how they make meaning of their mentoring experiences with at a predominantly White institution (PWI). The research questions to guide this study were: (1) what are the perceptions of faculty mentoring for African American female doctoral students in this HRD program and (2) what are the experiences of faculty mentoring for African American female doctoral students in this HRD program. The selection of participants for this qualitative study included six African American women enrolled in an HRD program at a PWI. Purposeful sampling was used to generate information and rich data. In this study, each of the six participants was interviewed individually with an interview guide consisting of semi-structured interview questions. To successfully explore the mentoring experiences of African American female students enrolled in a HRD doctoral program at a PWI, key findings from this study were reported from a qualitative study involving six African American female doctoral students enrolled in an HRD program at a PWI. Emerging themes from the study were identified as how they got to where they are; the perceptions, expectations, and actual experiences between the women and faculty. To reinforce and inform the need for mentoring, the participants provided an insight on their experiences as an African American female doctoral student in an HRD program at a PWI. In addition to a general discussion of the mentoring relationships, I focused primarily on the African American female doctoral students perceptions, expectations and experiences regarding their mentoring relationships with faculty. The findings from this study included support from family, friends and some faculty members, feelings of isolation, disconnected from the program, overwhelmed and no guidance. Other findings included only select few (students) receive mentoring, faculty don̕ t expect much from African American women students and yearning for an African American female faculty mentor. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/150967




The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM


Book Description

Mentorship is a catalyst capable of unleashing one's potential for discovery, curiosity, and participation in STEMM and subsequently improving the training environment in which that STEMM potential is fostered. Mentoring relationships provide developmental spaces in which students' STEMM skills are honed and pathways into STEMM fields can be discovered. Because mentorship can be so influential in shaping the future STEMM workforce, its occurrence should not be left to chance or idiosyncratic implementation. There is a gap between what we know about effective mentoring and how it is practiced in higher education. The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM studies mentoring programs and practices at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It explores the importance of mentorship, the science of mentoring relationships, mentorship of underrepresented students in STEMM, mentorship structures and behaviors, and institutional cultures that support mentorship. This report and its complementary interactive guide present insights on effective programs and practices that can be adopted and adapted by institutions, departments, and individual faculty members.




"I'm a Finisher. I Can't Quit, Won't Quit, Got to Get it Done"


Book Description

Abstract: This qualitative study used Black Feminist Thought as the interpretive lens to investigate the perceptions and experiences of African American female doctoral students at predominately White institutions. Semi-structured interviews were used to gain an understanding of their experiences and the influences these experiences had on their academic persistence and overall well-being. Fifteen participants were interviewed, and their responses were analyzed to identify the emerging themes. The following seven themes emerged from the data: (a) outsider, (b) perception of tokenism, (c) shifting: the academic mask, (d) prove-them-wrong syndrome, (e) part of a bigger whole, (f) expectations versus reality, and (g) discouragement versus encouragement. A summary of findings is presented, as well as specific recommendations to specific individuals.




The Unchosen Me


Book Description

Racial and gender inequities persist among college students, despite ongoing efforts to combat them. Students of color face alienation, stereotyping, low expectations, and lingering racism even as they actively engage in the academic and social worlds of college life. The Unchosen Me examines the experiences of African American collegiate women and the identity-related pressures they encounter both on and off campus. Rachelle Winkle-Wagner finds that the predominantly white college environment often denies African American students the chance to determine their own sense of self. Even the very programs and policies developed to promote racial equality may effectively impose “unchosen” identities on underrepresented students. She offers clear evidence of this interactive process, showing how race, gender, and identity are created through interactions among one’s self, others, and society. At the heart of this book are the voices of women who struggle to define and maintain their identities during college. In a unique series of focus groups called “sister circles,” these women could speak freely and openly about the pressures and tensions they faced in school. The Unchosen Me is a rich examination of the underrepresented student experience, offering a new approach to studying identity, race, and gender in higher education.




The Tyranny of the Meritocracy


Book Description

A fresh and bold argument for revamping our standards of “merit” and a clear blueprint for creating collaborative education models that strengthen our democracy rather than privileging individual elites Standing on the foundations of America’s promise of equal opportunity, our universities purport to serve as engines of social mobility and practitioners of democracy. But as acclaimed scholar and pioneering civil rights advocate Lani Guinier argues, the merit systems that dictate the admissions practices of these institutions are functioning to select and privilege elite individuals rather than create learning communities geared to advance democratic societies. Having studied and taught at schools such as Harvard University, Yale Law School, and the University of Pennsylvania Law School, Guinier has spent years examining the experiences of ethnic minorities and of women at the nation’s top institutions of higher education, and here she lays bare the practices that impede the stated missions of these schools. Goaded on by a contemporary culture that establishes value through ranking and sorting, universities assess applicants using the vocabulary of private, highly individualized merit. As a result of private merit standards and ever-increasing tuitions, our colleges and universities increasingly are failing in their mission to provide educational opportunity and to prepare students for productive and engaged citizenship. To reclaim higher education as a cornerstone of democracy, Guinier argues that institutions of higher learning must focus on admitting and educating a class of students who will be critical thinkers, active citizens, and publicly spirited leaders. Guinier presents a plan for considering “democratic merit,” a system that measures the success of higher education not by the personal qualities of the students who enter but by the work and service performed by the graduates who leave. Guinier goes on to offer vivid examples of communities that have developed effective learning strategies based not on an individual’s “merit” but on the collaborative strength of a group, learning and working together, supporting members, and evolving into powerful collectives. Examples are taken from across the country and include a wide range of approaches, each innovative and effective. Guinier argues for reformation, not only of the very premises of admissions practices but of the shape of higher education itself.




The Diversity Promise: Success in Academic Surgery and Medicine Through Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion


Book Description

Issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion are of utmost importance in today’s medical schools, and the University of Michigan is at the forefront of effecting change in this key area of medical education. Drs. Michael Mulholland and Erika Newman and the Department of Surgery at the University of Michigan School of Medicine developed the Michigan Promise with the goal of achieving better results and assisting other schools of medicine to make progress in this area, as well. The Diversity Promise: Success in Academic Surgery and Medicine Through Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion discusses the structure and implementation of this innovative program—information that is easily transferrable to any department in a school of medicine.




Over the Ivy Walls


Book Description

Unique among literature on minority and Chicano academic achievement, Over the Ivy Walls focuses on factors that create academic successes rather than examining school failure. It weaves existing research on academic achievement into an analysis of the lives of 50 low-income Chicanos for whom schooling "worked" and became an important vehicle for social mobility. Gándara examines their early home lives, school experiences, and peer relations in search of clues to what "went right."




The Time Is Now


Book Description

TEAM-UP, the National Task Force to Elevate African American representation in Undergraduate Physics & Astronomy was chartered and funded by the American Institute of Physics (AIP) Board of Directors to examine the reasons for the persistent under-representation of African Americans in physics and astronomy in the US as measured by bachelor's degrees in these fields. This book is their detailed report which include recommendations.




"Still I Rise"


Book Description

The purpose of this narrative inquiry is to explore how mentoring helps us to understand the educational experiences of African American women enrolled in doctoral programs at predominately White institutions (PWIs) in the continental United States. The educational experiences of African American women in this country are unique (Gildersleeve, Croom, & Vasquez, 2011; Holloway, 2016; Patton, 2009). African American women have used their educational pursuits to fight for social justice, equity and the survival of the race since being permitted access to higher education (Perkins, 2009). Furthermore, Black women entering doctoral programs at PWIs often met with challenges that span across multiplicative forms of oppression that intersect across race, class, and gender (Crenshaw, 1994; Harris & González, 2012; Holley & Caldwell, 2012). This study seeks to explore how mentoring, through the conceptual framework of Black feminist thought, helps us understand Black women's experiences in academe while in pursuit of their doctorate. Twenty Black women in doctoral programs at PWIs across the United States were interviewed about their experiences in their doctoral programs and their experiences with their mentors. It is clear from their narratives that mentoring relationships helped alleviate some of the challenges they encountered. Findings regarding Black women's experiences in their doctoral programs and mentoring relationships highlight the importance for higher education to recruit more faculty of color, provide culturally responsive training to faculty to work for and on behalf of Black women doctoral students and create institutionalized mentoring programs.