Why Oracles Are Silent


Book Description

This book traces the belief in oracles back to Orpheus, the legendary poet-prince, who travelled with Jason, charmed the sirens, and descended into Hades trying to save his Eurydice. Orpheus is one of those figures like Theseus, somewhat historical, fascinating, the subject of 27 operas. Orpheus may be the first Kristos, 'anointed one,' said to be a pioneer, a preacher (of apparently very persuasive talents), who preached a belief in metempsychosis, forbade sacrifice, murder, or the eating of meat - went against the mainline of belief and was said to have been assassinated during a Dionysian ceremony. Orphic writings, while mentioned by Plato and others, are lost, but his ideas have come down to us through a succession of Christos -Zoroaster, Krishna, Gautama, Jesus, Mani, Muhammad - not all of whom found martyrdom to be sure: Zoroaster was said to have been consumed by a flash of lighting, and there is Muhammad, suspended between heaven and earth. The lost poems of Orpheus are said to be oracular in nature and Bakkids and Sybils roamed the byways reciting them. This was before temple building, and on of the earliest of these was the shrine at Delphi. Of course belief in oracles goes hand in hand with a belief in any immaterial and parallel world inhabited by spirits or 'souls' where the future is as clearly perceived as the past. The priest of the shrine - or the shrine itself - provided mortals some access to that other world and its foreknowledge - the ancient Greeks believed. The author wants to demonstrate, not the truth (necessarily) of oracles but the power of belief in them, and in the attempt to show the influence of Orpheus on oracular belief we must also acknowledge his influence on spiritual or "Orphic religions," and how we have traded an entire world of the spirit for something more efficient but far less 'soul-satisfying.' Nostradamus emerges somewhere out of the Middle Ages to show that belief in oracles had not yet died. After all, the spirit was still with us in almost universal belief. The author interprets one of Nostradamus' quatrains that seems to presage the Gulf War and Norman Schwartzkopf.




The Delphic Oracle


Book Description

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1978.




The Decadence of Delphi


Book Description

Examining the final years of Delphic consultation, this monograph argues that the sanctuary operated on two connected, yet distinct levels: the oracle, which was in decline, and the remaining religious, political and social elements at the site which continued to thrive. In contrast to Delphi, other oracular counterparts in Asia Minor, such as Claros and Didyma, rose in prestige as they engaged with new "theological" issues. Issues such as these were not presented to Apollo at Delphi and this lack of expertise could help to explain why Delphi began to decline in importance. The second and third centuries AD witnessed the development of new ways of access to divine wisdom. Particularly widespread were the practices of astrology and the Neoplatonic divinatory system, theurgy. This monograph examines the correlation between the rise of such practices and the decline of oracular consultation at Delphi, analyzing several examples from the Chaldean Oracles to demonstrate the new interest in a personal, soteriological religion. These cases reveal the transfer of Delphi’s sacred space, which further impacted the status of the oracle. Delphi’s interaction with Christianity in the final years of oracular operation is also discussed. Oracular utterances with Christian overtones are examined along with archaeological remains which demonstrate a shift in the use of space at Delphi from a "pagan" Panhellenic center to one in which Christianity is accepted and promoted.




The Greek Myths


Book Description

Robert Graves, classicist, poet, and unorthodox critic, retells the Greek legends of gods and heroes for a modern audience And, in the two volumes of The Greek Myths, he demonstrates with a dazzling display of relevant knowledge that Greek Mythology is “no more mysterious in content than are modern election cartoons.” His work covers, in nearly two hundred sections, the creation myths; the legends of the births and lives of the great Olympians; the Theseus, Oedipus, and Heracles cycles; the Argonaut voyage; the tale of Troy, and much more. All the scattered elements of each myth have been assembled into a harmonious narrative, and many variants are recorded which may help to determine its ritual or historical meaning, Full references to the classical sources, and copious indexes, make the book as valuable to the scholar as to the general reader; and a full commentary on each myth explains and interprets the classical version in the light of today’s archaeological and anthropological knowledge.
















Morals


Book Description