World War II in Asia and the Pacific and the War's Aftermath, with General Themes


Book Description

A companion to World War II in Europe, Africa, and the Americas, this volume reevaluates the most enduring literature on basic aspects of the war in Asia and the Pacific. It also covers themes pertaining to societies at war, culture, the arts, and science and technology as well as international relations and the postwar world. Included are not only grand strategy, military and naval campaigns, and matters of diplomacy, but also resistance, collaboration, prisoners of war, and broad topics of the home front, including chapters on gender issues, film, literature, popular culture, and propaganda. This volume and its companion provide the first comprehensive historiographic reference work on the war. Each chapter describes the state of knowledge on the topic, relating each bibliographic reference to the chapter's themes and issues, and concludes with a bibliography. Recent original scholarship is included when it aids new understanding, and older works of enduring value also find a place. The essays in this volume will interest scholars and college teachers as well as advanced students and serious amateurs seeking insight into the history of the war and its literature.




The Unpredictability of the Past


Book Description

In The Unpredictability of the Past, an international group of historians examines how collective memories of the Asia-Pacific War continue to affect relations among China, Japan, and the United States. The contributors are primarily concerned with the history of international relations broadly conceived to encompass not only governments but also nongovernmental groups and organizations that influence the interactions of peoples across the Pacific. Taken together, the essays provide a rich, multifaceted analysis of how the dynamic interplay between past and present is manifest in policymaking, popular culture, public commemorations, and other arenas. The contributors interpret mass media sources, museum displays, monuments, film, and literature, as well as the archival sources traditionally used by historians. They explore how American ideas about Japanese history shaped U.S. occupation policy following Japan’s surrender in 1945, and how memories of the Asia-Pacific War influenced Washington and Tokyo policymakers’ reactions to the postwar rise of Soviet power. They investigate topics from the resurgence of Pearl Harbor images in the U.S. media in the decade before September 11, 2001, to the role of Chinese war museums both within China and in Chinese-Japanese relations, and from the controversy over the Smithsonian Institution’s Enola Gay exhibit to Japanese tourists’ reactions to the USS Arizona memorial at Pearl Harbor. One contributor traces how a narrative commemorating African Americans’ military service during World War II eclipsed the history of their significant early-twentieth-century appreciation of Japan as an ally in the fight against white supremacy. Another looks at the growing recognition and acknowledgment in both the United States and Japan of the Chinese dimension of World War II. By focusing on how memories of the Asia-Pacific War have been contested, imposed, resisted, distorted, and revised, The Unpredictability of the Past demonstrates the crucial role that interpretations of the past play in the present. Contributors. Marc Gallicchio, Waldo Heinrichs, Haruo Iguchi, Xiaohua Ma, Frank Ninkovich, Emily S. Rosenberg, Takuya Sasaki, Yujin Yaguchi, Daqing Yang




Sport im Film


Book Description

Lange Zeit von den Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften ignoriert und als bloße Mainstream-Unterhaltung stigmatisiert, erlangt der Sportfilm zunehmend wissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit. Der interdisziplinär angelegte Band verdeutlicht das vielfältige und vielschichtige, gleichwohl noch nicht annähernd ausgeschöpfte wissenschaftliche Analyse- und Reflexionspotenzial des Sportfilms. Die Beiträge der national und international renommierten Autorinnen und Autoren fokussieren im Besonderen den Sportspielfilm mit seinen zahlreichen Subgenres wie Football-, Basketball-, Box-, Olympia- und Kampfsportfilm. Das steigende Interesse am Sportfilm resultiert aus der wachsenden Einsicht, dass es sich hierbei um ein Genre handelt, das pointiert gesellschaftliche Zustände, kulturelle Ideologien sowie politisch-ökonomische Strukturen reflektiert und kritisiert. Der Sportfilm thematisiert historische Ereignisse, gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen wie auch individuelle und kollektive (Anti-)Helden. Er gibt Aufschluss über kulturspezifische Besonderheiten des Sports und dessen Verflechtung mit anderen gesellschaftlichen Handlungsfeldern. Darüber hinaus inszeniert er zeitgeisttypische und zugleich allgemeingültige (Körper-)Ideale, Werte, Konflikt- und Handlungsmuster. Der Sportfilm reproduziert damit nicht nur gesellschaftliche und sportliche Wirklichkeit, sondern konstruiert sie im Medium einer emotional wirkmächtigen Bildsprache gleichermaßen mit.




Reader's Guide to Military History


Book Description

This book contains some 600 entries on a range of topics from ancient Chinese warfare to late 20th-century intervention operations. Designed for a wide variety of users, it encompasses general reviews of aspects of military organization and science, as well as specific wars and conflicts. The book examines naval and air warfare, as well as significant individuals, including commanders, theorists, and war leaders. Each entry includes a listing of additional publications on the topic, accompanied by an article discussing these publications with reference to their particular emphases, strengths, and limitations.




America in the World


Book Description

This volume includes historiographical surveys of American foreign relations since 1941 by some of the country's leading historians. Some of the essays offer sweeping overviews of the major trends in the field of foreign/international relations history. Others survey the literature on US relations with particular regions of the world or on the foreign policies of presidential administrations. The result is a comprehensive assessment of the historical literature on US foreign policy that highlights recent developments in the field.




Why Air Forces Fail


Book Description

According to Robin Higham and Stephen J. Harris, "Flight has been part of the human dream for aeons, and its military application has likely been the dark side of that dream for almost as long." In the twentieth century, this dream and its dark side unfolded as the air forces of the world went to war, bringing destruction and reassessment with each failure. Why Air Forces Fail examines the complex, often deep-seated, reasons for the catastrophic failures of the air forces of various nations. Higham and Harris divide the air forces into three categories of defeat: forces that never had a chance to win, such as Poland and France; forces that started out victorious but were ultimately defeated, such as Germany and Japan; and finally, those that were defeated in their early efforts yet rose to victory, such as the air forces of Britain and the United States. The contributing authors examine the complex causes of defeats of the Russian, Polish, French, British, Italian, German, Argentine, and American air services. In all cases, the failures stemmed from deep, usually prewar factors that were shaped by the political, economic, military, and social circumstances in the countries. Defeat also stemmed from the anticipation of future wars, early wartime actions, and the precarious relationship between the doctrine of the military leadership and its execution in the field. Anthony Christopher Cain's chapter on France's air force, l'Armée de l'Air, attributes France's loss to Germany in June 1940 to a lack of preparation and investment in the air force. One major problem was the failure to centralize planning or coordinate a strategy between land and air forces, which was compounded by aborted alliances between France and countries in eastern Europe, especially Poland and Czechoslovakia. In addition, the lack of incentives for design innovation in air technologies led to clashes between airplane manufacturers, laborers, and the government, a struggle that resulted in France's airplanes' being outnumbered by Germany's more than three to one by 1940. Complemented by reading lists and suggestions for further research, Why Air Forces Fail provides groundbreaking studies of the causes of air force defeats.




Curse on This Country


Book Description

Imperial Japanese soldiers were notorious for blindly following orders, and their enemies in the Pacific War derided them as "cattle to the slaughter." But, in fact, the Japanese Army had a long history as one of the most disobedient armies in the world. Officers repeatedly staged coups d'états, violent insurrections, and political assassinations; their associates defied orders given by both the government and the general staff, launched independent military operations against other countries, and in two notorious cases conspired to assassinate foreign leaders despite direct orders to the contrary.In Curse on This Country, Danny Orbach explains the culture of rebellion in the Japanese armed forces. It was a culture created by a series of seemingly innocent decisions, each reasonable in its own right, which led to a gradual weakening of Japanese government control over its army and navy. The consequences were dire, as the armed forces dragged the government into more and more of China across the 1930s—a culture of rebellion that made the Pacific War possible. Orbach argues that brazen defiance, rather than blind obedience, was the motive force of modern Japanese history.Curse on This Country follows a series of dramatic events: assassinations in the dark corners of Tokyo, the famous rebellion of Saigō Takamori, the "accidental" invasion of Taiwan, the Japanese ambassador’s plot to murder the queen of Korea, and the military-political crisis in which the Japanese prime minister "changed colors." Finally, through the sinister plots of the clandestine Cherry Blossom Society, we follow the deterioration of Japan into chaos, fascism, and world war.




Secularisation in the Christian World


Book Description

The power of modernity to secularise has been a foundational idea of the western world. Both social science and church history understood that the Christian religion from 1750 was deeply vulnerable to industrial urbanisation and the Enlightenment. But as evidence mounts that countries of the European world experienced secularising forces in different ways at different periods, the timing and causes of de-Christianisation are now widely seen as far from straightforward. Secularisation in the Christian World brings together leading scholars in the social history of religion and the sociology of religion to explore what we know about the decline of organised Christianity in Britain, Europe, the United States, Canada and Australia. The chapters tackle different strands, themes, comparisons and territories to demonstrate the diversity of approach, thinking and evidence that has emerged in the last 30 years of scholarship into the religious past and present. The volume includes both new research and essays of theoretical reflection by the most eminent academics. It highlights historians and sociologists in both agreement and dispute. With contributors from eight countries, the volume also brings together many nations for the first consolidated international consideration of recent themes in de-Christianisation. With church historians and cultural historians, and religious sociologists and sociologists of the godless society, this book provides a state-of-the-art guide to secularisation studies.







World War II on the Web


Book Description

Fueled by recent films and TV series such as Saving Private Ryan and Band of Brothers and popular books by Stephen Ambrose and Tom Brokaw, interest in World War II has soared. As a result of this surge of attention, the number of websites on World War II has exploded. Many are excellent sources of information, but how can they be found among the massive number of sites? Search engines can't tell the good from the bad, making the process of uncovering quality World War II sites a frustrating and time-consuming process of sifting through hundreds of thousands of hits. But now, web users overwhelmed by this colossal task have a place to turn. World War II on the Web gives history buffs all the tools they need to zero in on the most useful sites. The authors-experts in web research-have examined and evaluated thousands of websites. In this new book, they have included only the most well constructed, informative, attractively designed sites on World War II. This book/CD-ROM is modeled on SR Books' bestselling Civil War on the Web, another indispensable guide to exceptional websites. World War II on the Web includes: Detailed reviews of the top 100+ sites A one- to five-star rating of each site's content, aesthetics, and navigation A list of approximately 150 additional recommended sites including URLs and brief descriptions Free CD-ROM (IBM and MAC compatible) with hotlinks to all sites in the book-the top 100+ sites as well as the 150 additional recommended sites. Users can simply click on the link to be taken to the site they've chosen. The first part of the book highlights the best 100+ sites and is divided into sections on the following topics: general sites on the war; political and military leaders; European/Atlantic/Mediterranean Theater of Operations; Pacific Theatre of Operations; the soldiers' stories; the homefront; women and African Americans; the Holocaust and war crimes; and unit histories. The second part of World War II on the Web offers an extra 150 distinguished sites. This is the only guide of its kind now available! World War II on the Web is the essential alternative to hours of discouraging navigation, the definitive link to the web's finest World War II sites. About the Authors Richard J. Jensen is professor emeritus of history at the University of Illinois. In 1992, he founded H-Net, the groundbreaking and highly successful web-based book review and information source for the academic community. Jensen was a visiting professor at both West Point and Moscow State University during the Cold War and has written extensively on World War II. J. Douglas Smith is currently teaching at Occidental College in California. Dr. Smith specializes in World War II and twentieth century history. His work has appeared in The Washington Post, the Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, and many other publications.