YouthBuild. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"YouthBuild" offers low-income youth both education and job training services. "YouthBuild's" education component emphasizes attaining a GED or high school diploma, typically in alternative schools with small class sizes and an emphasis on individualized instruction. In "YouthBuild's" job-training program, participants work in construction jobs building affordable housing for low-income and homeless people in their communities. "YouthBuild" is targeted to youth between the ages of 16 and 24 who are from low-income families and who have demonstrated educational need, typically by being high school dropouts. Participants spend six months to two years in the program. During this time, they alternate weeks between being full-time students and working full-time in the job-training program. Throughout the program, youth participate in counseling, peer support groups, and life-planning exercises that are intended to encourage them to overcome negative habits and pursue life goals. "YouthBuild" programs are typically sponsored by community- or faith-based organizations. These programs are linked by a centralized national office that provides implementation support to local "YouthBuild" sites, such as staff training and information on best practices and program innovations. The WWC identified 32 studies of YouthBuild that were published or released between 1996 and 2009. No studies of "YouthBuild" that fall within the scope of the Dropout Prevention review protocol meet What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) evidence standards. The lack of studies meeting WWC evidence standards means that, at this time, the WWC is unable to draw any conclusions based on research about the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of "YouthBuild." (Contains 2 notes.).




Success for All. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"Success for All"[R] is a program for students in pre-K through eighth grade that focuses on reading, writing, and oral language development. Using a whole-school improvement approach, the goal of "Success for All"[R] is for all students (including English language learners) to read at grade level by the end of the third grade. The program consists of 90 minutes of daily instruction, during which time students are grouped by their instructional level rather than their current grade level. Students are moved to new reading groups every quarter based on their progress in pursuit of the program's goal. The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) identified 30 studies of the impact of "Success for All"[R] on English language learners that were published or released between 1983 and 2012. Eight studies are within the scope of the English Language Learners review protocol but do not meet WWC evidence standards. Four studies did not establish that the comparison group was comparable to the intervention group prior to the start of the intervention. Three studies had only one unit assigned to one or both conditions, which makes it impossible to attribute the observed effect solely to the "Success for All"[R] intervention. One study had a separate technology intervention used in addition to "Success for All"[R] in some intervention schools and no comparison schools, which makes it impossible to attribute the observed effect solely to the "Success for All"[R] intervention. Fourteen studies are out of the scope of the English Language Learners review protocol because they have an ineligible study design. Eight studies are out of the scope of the English Language Learners review protocol for reasons other than study design. A glossary of terms is included. (Contains 2 endnotes and 7 additional resources.).




What Works Clearinghouse


Book Description




Great Books. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"Great Books" is a program that aims to improve the reading, writing, and critical thinking skills of students in kindergarten through high school. The program is implemented as a core or complementary curriculum and is based on the Shared Inquiry[TM] method of learning. The purpose of "Great Books" is to engage students in higher-order thinking and collaborative problem solving. It involves teachers focusing discussion on the interpretation of a text and students participating as partners in these discussions. No studies of "Great Books" that fall within the scope of the Adolescent Literacy review protocol meet What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) evidence standards. The lack of studies meeting WWC evidence standards means that, at this time, the WWC is unable to draw any conclusions based on research about the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of "Great Books" on adolescent learners. (Contains 5 footnotes.).




Cycles of Poverty and Crime in America's Inner Cities


Book Description

Despite the best hopes of the past half century, black urban pathologies persist in America. The inner cities remain concentrations of the uneducated, unemployed, underemployed, and unemployable. Many fail to stay in school and others choose lives of drugs, violence, and crime. Most do not marry, leading to single-parent households and children without a father figure. The cycle repeats itself generation after generation. It is easy to argue that nothing works, given the policy failures of the past. For Lewis D. Solomon, fatalism is not acceptable. A complex and interrelated web of issues plague inner-city black males: joblessness; the failure of public education; crime, mass incarceration, and drugs; the collapse of married, two-parent families; and negative cultural messages. Rather than abandon the black urban underclass, Solomon presents strategies and programs to rebuild lives and revitalize America's inner cities. These approaches are neither government oriented nor dependent on federal intervention, and they are not futuristic. Focusing on rehabilitative efforts, Solomon describes workforce development, prisoner reentry, and the role of nonprofit organizations. Solomon's strategies focus on the need to improve the quality of America's workforce through building human capital at the socioeconomic bottom. The goal is to enable more people to fend for themselves, thereby weaning them from dependency on public sector handouts. Solomon shows a path forward for inner-city black males.




Juvenile Crime and Justice


Book Description

Looking at topics such as boot camps, the death penalty and parental responsibility, this is an important resource for students of criminology and related disciplines.




Curiosity Corner. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"Curiosity Corner" is a comprehensive early childhood curriculum designed to help children at risk of school failure because of poverty. The program offers children experiences that develop the attitudes, skills, and knowledge necessary for later school success with a special emphasis on children's language and literacy skills. "Curiosity Corner" comprises two sets of 38 weekly thematic units, one for three-year-olds and one for four-year-olds. Each day the program staff present children with learning experiences through sequential daily activities. The program provides training, support, and teaching materials for teaching staff and administrators. Parents are encouraged to participate in children's learning through activities both inside and outside the classroom. One study of "Curiosity Corner" met the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) evidence standards with reservations. The study included 316 three- and four-year-old children from four urban, high poverty school districts in New Jersey. This report focuses on immediate posttest findings to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. The WWC considers the extent of evidence for "Curiosity Corner" to be small for oral language and for cognition. No studies that met WWC evidence standards with or without reservations addressed print knowledge, phonological processing, early reading/writing, or math. "Curiosity Corner" was found to have no discernible effects on oral language and cognition. [This publication was produced by the What Works Clearinghouse. The following study is reviewed in this intervention report: Chambers, B., Chamberlain, A., Hurley, E. A., & Slavin, R. E. (2001, April). "Curiosity Corner: Enhancing preschoolers' language abilities through comprehensive reform." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Seattle, WA.].




Coping Power. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

"Coping Power" is based on the earlier "Anger Coping Power" program. It emphasizes social and emotional skills that are needed during the transition to middle school. The program incorporates child and parent components. The child component consists of thirty-four 50-minute group sessions and periodic individual sessions over the course of 15-18 months, although the program can be shortened to fit into a single school year. Lessons focus on goal setting, problem solving, anger management, and peer relationships. The parent component is composed of 16 group sessions and periodic individual meetings. Lessons support the child component of the program and address setting expectations, praise, discipline, managing stress, communication, and child study skills. Three studies of "Coping Power" that fall within the scope of the Children Classified as Having an Emotional Disturbance review protocol meet What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) evidence standards. The three studies included 650 students who were at high risk for delinquent and/or aggressive behavior from grades 4 and 5 in Alabama and North Carolina. Based on these three studies, the WWC considers the extent of evidence for "Coping Power" on children classified as having an emotional disturbance (or children at risk for classification) to be medium to large for external behavior and small for social outcomes. The three studies that meet WWC evidence standards did not examine the effectiveness of "Coping Power" on children classified with an emotional disturbance in the emotional/internal behavior, reading achievement/literacy, math achievement, school attendance, or other academic performance domains. "Coping Power" was found to have positive effects on external behavior and potentially positive effects on social outcomes for children classified with an emotional disturbance. Twenty-three studies reviewed by the WWC investigated the effects of "Coping Power" on children classified as having an emotional disturbance (or children at risk for classification). Three studies (Lochman et al., 2009; Lochman, Boxmeyer, Powell, Roth, & Windle, 2006; Lochman & Wells, 2004) are randomized controlled trials that meet WWC evidence standards. The remaining 20 studies do not meet WWC eligibility screens or WWC evidence standards. Appended are: (1) Research details for Lochman et al., 2009; (2) Research details for Lochman et al., 2006; (3) Research details for Lochman and Wells (2004); (4) Outcome measures for each domain; (5) Findings included in the rating for the external behavior domain; (6) Findings included in the rating for the social outcomes domain; (7) Summary of other treatment group findings for the external behavior domain; (8) Summary of other treatment group findings for the social outcomes domain; (9) Glossary of terms and criteria for study rating, effectiveness rating, and extent of evidence; (10) Criteria used to determine the rating of a study; (11) Criteria used to determine the rating of effectiveness for an intervention; and (12) Criteria used to determine the extent of evidence for an intervention. (Contains 8 tables and 22 endnotes.).




The Quantum Opportunity Program. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report


Book Description

The "Quantum Opportunity Program" ("QOP") is an intensive and comprehensive program for high school-aged youth that offers case management, mentoring, tutoring, and other education and support services. The program also offers financial incentives for participation in program activities. Participants enter "QOP" in the ninth grade and can receive services for four to five years, even if they drop out of school or move to another district. One study of the "Quantum Opportunity Program" met the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) evidence standards with reservations. This randomized controlled trial included nearly 1,100 youth and was conducted in seven school districts in Cleveland, Ohio; Fort Worth, Texas; Houston, Texas; Memphis, Tennessee; Washington, DC; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Yakima, Washington. The WWC considers the extent of evidence for "QOP" to be small for progressing in school and for completing school. No studies that met WWC evidence standards with or without reservations addressed staying in school. The "Quantum Opportunity Program" was found to have no discernible effects on progressing in school or completing school. [The following study is reviewed in this intervention report: Schirm, A., Stuart, E., and McKie, A. (2006). The Quantum Opportunity Program demonstration: Final impacts. Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.].




Report of the What Works Clearinghouse Expert Panel


Book Description

Based on investigation and analysis of the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) review process and reports, this panel concluded that: (1) WWC procedures and processes for identifying and extracting information from intervention studies are generally well documented and follow reasonable standards and practices for systematic reviews; and (2) WWC Intervention and Topic Area Reports provide succinct and meaningful summaries of the evidence on the effectiveness of specific education interventions. Support for these conclusions is detailed in the remainder of the report, recommendations for the continued enhancement and improvement of WWC procedures include a comprehensive review of the full range of WWC activities and procedures, with a timeframe to allow a complete consideration of a number of issues not fully evaluated in this report. Two appendixes are included: (1) Panel Charge; and (2) References. (Contains 5 footnotes.).