Contaminant Fate Modelling for the Athabasca River


Book Description

Describes and presents simulation results using a revised model simulating the fate of contaminants in the Athabasca River. The revised fate model allows predictive sediment transport simulation within the WASP4 model framework, predicts resuspension from hydraulic information supplied by WASP4 and from user-supplied sediment characteristics, and can be applied to different flow conditions without having to re-describe sediment transport rates. Several simulations were run using input files from the original model calibration. Program listings of subroutines are included.




Contaminant Fate Modelling, Athabasca, Wapiti and Smoky Rivers


Book Description

Describes and presents simulation results from numerical models of the transport and fate of environmental chemicals in northern Alberta rivers. The models were developed using the USEPA WASP modelling system and were structured as one-dimensional (longitudinal) models with separate, interacting water column and bed sediment compartments. Seven selected organic chemicals were simulated over 1992-93 for the Athabasca River and over 1990-91 for the Wapiti/Smoky River system. Chemicals simulated included 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzofuran, dehydroabietic acid, and phenanthrene. The models were first calibrated for sodium and total suspended solids. Organic chemicals were simulated using a set of environmental fate constants developed from a literature search, numerical estimation software, and estimation from field data. Results of initial simulations were compared to observed data and adjustments made to selected constants to improve the calibration.




A Two-dimensional Contaminant Fate and Transport Model for the Lower Athabasca


Book Description

"This report describes a two-dimensional contamminant fate and transport model and its application to the lower Athabasca River. This is one of the major deliverables of a multi-year project funded by the Interdepartmental Panel on Energy R&D (PERD) and Environment Canada to study the aquatic impact of oil sands and heavy oil operations in northeastern Alberta. The Athabasca tar sands contain a substantial part of Canada's oil supply. A number of nitrogen-, and sulphur-PAC's (polycyclic aromatic compounds) as well as their alkyl derivatives have been identified in tar sands plants process streams and emissions. Some of these PAC's are known mutagens and carcinogens. The fate and persistence of these chemicals downstream of tar sands plants on the Athabasca River have been examined using a combination of field and laboratory data collection coupled with computer simulation modelling. The model, ATHMOD2, is expected to be used in future enviromnental impact assessments which are required as a result of industry expansion. It can easily be applied to other toxic substances and rivers to consider continuous and single spill discharges where incomplete mixing required two-dirnensional analysis. It has been designed to operate within the Windows environment and has a user friendly input interface coupled with sophisticated model output visualization features"--Management perspective.







A Bioenergetic Model of Food Chain Uptake and Accumulation of Organic Chemicals, Athabasca River


Book Description

Describes a study to construct and calibrate a steady-state food chain model to simulate the uptake and bioaccumulation of selected organic chemicals, with different physical and chemical properties, in the mountain whitefish, longnose sucker, and northern pike food web of the Athabasca River. The model is based on the WASP 14, Thomann-Connolly and Gobas food chain models. The modelling effort involved review and interpretation of sediment transport dynamics, contaminant distribution and concentration in sediment, water, and biota, and the refinement of the existing models. Results are presented from model simulations and compared to observed concentrations of such compounds as furans, resin acids, and chlorinated phenolics. The appendix includes a discussion of food chain modelling theory and its application to the present study.




A Review and Evaluation of Water Quality and Quantity Models Used by the Northern River Basins Study


Book Description

Summarizes the major modelling projects undertaken to model water quality in the Peace, Athabasca, and Slave river systems. The first section describes the scope of the problem of modelling water quality in large complex systems that are relatively oligotrophic, located at relatively high altitudes, and experience highly seasonal environmental fluctuations. It also provides a summary of the models used to predict key water quality variables. Section 2 gives a general overview of the utility and shortcomings of water quality models, with the goal of establishing key criteria for assessing the successes of models developed by the Northern River Basins Study (NRBS). Section 3 summarizes key findings of the NRBS models and evaluates the results against criteria outlined in section 2. Section 4 presents a series of recommendations for modelling dissolved oxygen, transport and fate of contaminants, and distribution of contaminants in the food chain, along with strategic suggestions for future work.




Athabasca River Project


Book Description




Northern River Basins Study


Book Description

Report to the federal ministers of Environment and Indian & Northern Affairs, Alberta's Minister of Environmental Protection, and NWT's Minister of Renewable Resources. Summarises the main scientific findings of the Northern River Basins Study, which was established to examine the relationship between industrial, municipal, agricultural, and other development and the Peace, Athabasca, and Slave River basins. Reviews the characteristics of the northern river basins and their peoples, the organisation of the Study, and major findings in the areas of environmental overview, use of aquatic resources, traditional knowledge, flow regulation, fish distribution and habitat, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, contaminants, drinking water, ecosystem health, modelling, human health, and cumulative effects. Recommendations by the Study Board, First Nations, and scientific advisors regarding such issues as basin management, monitoring, research, public participation, and a successor organisation are then presented. Also includes a summary of opinions, suggestions, and recommendations expressed at 17 community workshops held throughout the northern river basins area.




Distribution of Organic Contaminants in Bottom Sediments, Peace and Athabasca River Basins, 1988 to 1992


Book Description

Presents results of contaminant analyses of bottom sediments collected from the Peace and Athabasca river basins 1988-90 and 1992. Contaminant groups represented are the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, resin acids, chlorophenolic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Contaminant concentrations were correlated with percent organic carbon of the fine fraction (the fraction on which analysis was performed. Correlations between concentrations of bleached kraft mill related contaminants were also investigated and results are presented.