Exploring the Experiences of Coaching Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Canadian Aquatic Programs


Book Description

Teaching children how to swim provides them with the necessary skills to maintain a physically active lifestyle. Many children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis have shown interest in participating in swimming lessons. Studies have demonstrated that teaching students with ASD how to swim has aided in their motor performance (Yanardag, Nurgil, & Akmanoglu, 2013), their ability to initiate social interactions with peers (Chu & Pan, 2012) and a reduction in stereotypical behaviours associated with ASD (Vonder Hulls, Walker, & Powell, 2006). In order to meet the needs of this unique group of students, swim instructors take part in a variety of training programs amongst other experiences to effectively prepare themselves to teach their students with ASD. This study consists of three individual case studies designed to examine the journeys that swim instructors have taken in order to effectively coach students with ASD how to swim, along with encouraging motor skill development, social interactions and reducing stereotypical behaviours. Two research questions guide this study: What are the experiences of swim instructors who work with children with ASD? What are the practical teaching strategies in swimming lessons that are effective for social skill development, reducing stereotypical behaviours and motor skill development in children with ASD? The findings of this study which focus on strategies of effective practice include: gestural communication, positive practice, contact communication, complexities of choice, and encouraging independence and confidence. Along with these findings, the instructors credit the following sources for their construction of knowledge: peer learning and mentorship, parental/caregiver support, and the value of certification and training. It is clear that instructors access a number of sources for their coaching development, but current swim instructor certification programs require revisions to increase instructor preparedness. This study contributes to current literature which focuses on coaching individuals with developmental disabilities. The findings may provide coaches with insight into strategies of effective practice for a more inclusive and equitable community.




Examining the Experiences of Parents and Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Around Aquatic Environments


Book Description

Through transcendental phenomenological qualitative research we investigated the experiences of parents and caregivers of children with ASD when accessing water environments. Semi-structured individual interviews were used to collect data with 12 parents (N=12). Results were grouped into two clusters. Experiences and perspectives on aquatic environment and recreational swimming included the themes: safety is the priority, attraction to water, acceptance of children with ASD in aquatic environments, and therapeutic benefits. Experiences and perspectives on swimming lessons included the themes; making lesson accessible, teaching methods, teach the teacher, and the impact on pride, independence, and normalcy. Findings suggest participation in water activities has a positive effect on children with ASD. Enrollment in swimming lessons can promote safe encounters with water for children with ASD. Parents identified barriers to accessing aquatic programming. Recommendations are provided for improvements to current swim programming and other aquatic environments.




Effect of a Swim-based Parent Training Program on a Parent's Use of Evidence-based Strategies with Her Child with Autism


Book Description

Community participation, particularly in leisure/recreational activities such as swimming, can improve quality of life for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, youth with ASD generally participate in fewer leisure activities than those without ASD. Although previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of parent training interventions and swim programs for children with ASD, there is a lack of research examining the effectiveness of using parents as intervention agents to teach swim skills to their children with ASD. In this single-case study, the researcher delivered an individual parent training program to the mother of a child with ASD to investigate its effects on the parent's use of evidence-based instructional strategies (positive reinforcement, prompting, modeling, social stories), child compliance, and child swim skill acquisition. Results indicated that the swim intervention had a strong effect on the parent's use of 3 of 4 strategies, child compliance, and child swim skill acquisition. Additionally, results were maintained for at least 6 months post-intervention and the parent was able to generalize the instructional strategies to a novel, skill-based activity. In terms of social validity, the parent rated the intervention as acceptable, feasible, and effective. These findings contribute to the limited literature on parent-implemented interventions to teach leisure skills to children with ASD and to the nonexistent research on using parents as intervention agents in swim studies with this population.




Inclusive Leisure


Book Description

Inclusive Leisure: A Strengths-Based Approach With HKPropel Access provides a blend of theoretical and practical information, moving beyond leisure programming and service delivery to consider how inclusivity should be applied to administration, infrastructure design, community relations, and more.




An Exploration of Parental Experiences with Interventions for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder


Book Description

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined as a group of pervasive developmental disorders that cause clinically significant impairments in social, occupational and overall functioning. The current body of research highlights the importance of community based interventions, programs and services for this population across their lifespan. This dissertation explores parental experiences with interventions, programs and services for their children and adolescents with ASD. This dissertation contains three manuscripts in addition to the introductory and concluding chapters. The first manuscript explores the current literature on occupational therapy based interventions for school aged children with ASD. Manuscript two presents the findings of an interpretive narrative exploration regarding parental perspectives on interventions for their children with ASD. This manuscript is analyzed using a Critical Social Theory (CST) lens and explores the themes as shared within the stories of the participants. The third manuscript explores current service delivery models for adolescents with ASD throughout their transition to adulthood. A CST lens has been used to critique the structures, environments and institutions in which adolescents and young adults with ASD operate throughout their transition to adulthood. This thesis contributes new knowledge to the growing body of information regarding parental perspectives on interventions for their children with ASD. It presents both confirmatory findings surrounding the importance of interventions for children and adolescents with ASD and identifies current service gaps for this population. It has provided insight into parental perspectives on interventions, programs and services for their children and has added their stories to the current literature. Additionally, the use of a CST lens provides an opportunity to explore current social structures that impact service delivery for this population.




Autism in the Workplace


Book Description

This book explores the career experiences of Generation A, the half-million individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who will reach adulthood in the next decade. With Generation A eligible to enter the workforce in unprecedented numbers, research is needed to help individuals, organizations, and educational institutions to work together to create successful work experiences and career outcomes for individuals with ASD. Issues surrounding ASD in the workplace are discussed from individual, organizational, and societal perspectives. This book also examines the stigma of autism and how it may affect the employment and career experiences of individuals with ASD. This timely book provides researchers, practitioners, and employers with empirical data that examines the work and career experiences of individuals with ASD. It offers a framework for organizations committed to hiring individuals with ASD and enhancing their work experiences and career outcomes now and in the future.




Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry


Book Description

Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry, Fourth Edition is Volume II of the three-volume paperback versions of The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, Fourth Edition. This portion of the handbook consists of the topics addressed in "Part III: Strategies of Inquiry." Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry, Fourth Edition isolates the major strategies—historically, the research methods—that researchers can use in conducting concrete qualitative studies. The question of methods begins with questions of design and the matters of money and funding. These questions always begin with the researcher who moves from a research question to a paradigm or perspective, and then to the empirical world. The history and uses of these strategies are explored extensively in this volume. The chapters move from forms (and problems with) mixed methods inquiry to case study, performance and narrative ethnography, to constructionist analytics to grounded theory strategies, testimonies, participatory action research, and clinical research.




Teaching Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders


Book Description

Createan appropriate learning environment to help children with ASD develop...




Siblings of Children with Autism


Book Description

Autism can affect the basics of sibling relationships, and parents need to learn to balance responsibilities for each child. Harris and Glasberg offer a fresh look at what it's like to grow up as the brother or sister of a child with autism.




Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8


Book Description

Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.