Insolvency Frameworks Across the EU


Book Description

Efficient insolvency frameworks align incentives in such a way that viable corporate debt is repaid, while unviable debt is resolved. Moreover, in a context of high corporate indebtedness, the insolvency framework requires sufficient capacity to adequately deal with a rising number of insolvency cases. The aim of the present paper is fourfold: (i) to illustrate the main concepts relating to insolvency frameworks and their economic relevance; (ii) to review the main characteristics of insolvency regimes across EU countries; (iii) to evaluate the severity of corporate vulnerabilities stemming from the COVID-19 crisis, taking into account how insolvencies and non-performing loans have developed in response to the global financial crisis; and (iv) to highlight the remaining challenges for insolvency systems in the EU on the basis of an estimate of the potential increase in insolvencies (insolvency gaps) and existing institutional settings and structural characteristics.




The Insolvency Regime for Large Enterprises in Italy: An Economic and Legal Assessment


Book Description

The modernization of Italy’s insolvency framework has been the subject of much interest in recent years, related not least to its role in potentially facilitating an efficient allocation of resources. A unique feature of Italy’s insolvency framework is a special regime for large enterprises known as “extraordinary administration”. This paper evaluates the merits of this special regime by assessing its efficacy and success in achieving its stated goals and comparing its features to international standards and best practices. It finds that the special regime tends to impose large costs on creditors and the state. The regime results, in most cases, in the sale of parts of the group, followed by a liquidation phase of the remaining assets which can take longer than the general regime, hindering legal certainty for creditors and more generally economic efficiency, investment and job creation. Based on international best practices and experience, consideration should be given to folding the special regime into the general insolvency regime, possibly with provisions to allow for state intervention in specific well-defined circumstances.




Insolvency Frameworks and Private Debt


Book Description

This paper presents new evidence on the importance of insolvency frameworks for private sector debt deleveraging and for the resolution of non-performing loans (NPL). We construct an aggregate insolvency framework index (IFI), which is used as explanatory variable in the empirical analysis. By means of panel estimates over 2003-2016, we shows that OECD countries with better IFI deleverage faster and adjust their NPL levels more rapidly than countries with worse IFI. We also shows that there is a strong correlation between the level of NPL and IFI, which appears to be state-dependent, i.e. in a situation of high unemployment relative to its historical average the NPL ratio is generally lower for a higher IFI. Finally, our results indicate that better insolvency frameworks lead to faster NPL reductions and to lower NPL increases during economic bad times.




The Harmonisation of Transaction Avoidance in the EU


Book Description

This timely book offers a comprehensive exploration of the issue of transaction avoidance in the European Union (EU). Contributing to the formation of harmonised avoidance rules in the EU, it analyses the existing transaction avoidance regimes in cross-border scenarios as provided by the Recast European Insolvency Regulation and other EU regulations.




Restructuring and Insolvency in Europe: Policy Options in the Implementation of the EU Directive


Book Description

The Directive on Restructuring and Insolvency sets minimum standards for restructuring and certain insolvency matters, but its harmonization effect will be limited given multiple options for implementation, likely leading to divergent restructuring models in Europe. These options reveal different policy approaches to the regulation of restructuring and insolvency. The analysis in this paper aims to illustrate the breadth of the policy choices and their consequences for restructuring activity. States should carefully design restructuring procedures to avoid the negative economic effects of certain options that could undermine creditors’ rights or result in unpredictable outcomes, particularly in cross-border cases.




Global Waves of Debt


Book Description

The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.




OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2020 Issue 2


Book Description

The COVID-19 pandemic will cast a long shadow over the world’s economies and the economic outlook is very uncertain. This issue of the OECD Economic Outlook analyses the impacts of COVID-19 on the economy and puts forward projections for output, employment, prices, fiscal and current account balances.




Corporate Liquidity and Solvency in Europe during COVID-19: The Role of Policies


Book Description

The spread of COVID-19, containment measures, and general uncertainty led to a sharp reduction in activity in the first half of 2020. Europe was hit particularly hard—the economic contraction in 2020 is estimated to have been among the largest in the world—with potentially severe repercussions on its nonfinancial corporations. A wave of corporate bankruptcies would generate mass unemployment, and a loss of productive capacity and firm-specific human capital. With many SMEs in Europe relying primarily on the banking sector for external finance, stress in the corporate sector could easily translate into pressures in the banking system (Aiyar et al., forthcoming).