Perceptions and Knowledge of Evidence-based Literacy Instruction Among Elementary School Teachers of English Language Learners


Book Description

There is evidence that ineffective classroom instruction, particularly in the early primary grades, is a major contributor to the high incidence of reading problems in the United States. Researchers attribute poor classroom instruction to a lack of teachers̕ basic understanding of the concepts related to the English language that are necessary to teach literacy. Is there a similar contributing factor related to the low literacy levels of young English language learners (ELLs) who are approaching a new language at the same time they are learning to read? The purpose of this study is to determine what elementary school teachers of ELLs perceive and know about evidence-based literacy instructional practices and their perceived ability to teach ELLs using the literacy constructs and skills necessary for reading. To measure elementary school teachers̕ knowledge and perception of their own abilities, a survey was developed with 76 items refined from multiples resources. These resources were selected due to the reliability of the items and their target investigations of studying perceptions and knowledge of basic literacy constructs. Reliability for the scores on the survey was high at 0.982. Descriptive statistics provided insight into the average and variance in performance on each item of the survey, as well as groups of items on the survey. The results show that teachers̕ perceptions of their knowledge of specific literacy constructs did not correlate positively with their performance on the items related to the knowledge of specific literacy construct areas nor with the number of years of teaching experience. This dissertation discusses survey and performance results, along with implications for improved teacher preparation. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149253




Teachers' Perceptions of Teaching Literacy to English Language Learners (ELLs) who Struggle with Reading and who are in a Suburban District in New York State


Book Description

Results of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP; National Center for Education Statistics, 2020) have shown that despite efforts to raise the literacy skill levels of students in elementary school, the average reading scores for fourth-grade students in 2019 were still cause for concern. The NAEP data showed the reading scores in four percentiles (i.e., 10th, 25th, 50th, and 75th) from 2019 dropped in comparison with the corresponding data garnered in 2017 (National Center for Education Statistics, 2020). In addition, the number of students whose first language is not English has soared by 105% in the last decade (i.e., 2010-2019) and yet they are placed in regular or general education classrooms with teachers who are underprepared or have no training related to the unforeseen obstacles these second language learners often encounter in school literacy programs (Constantino, 1994; Lucas et al., 2008). Thus, the classroom environment becomes an arena of active exchanges among students, teachers, and classroom resources that inherently are mitigated by the pedagogical beliefs of the educators driving the curriculum. The purpose of this study was to explore the beliefs held by third- and fourth-grade elementary teachers about their abilities to deliver literacy instruction to students and the impact of these beliefs on the type of literacy instruction they deliver in general education third- and fourth-grade classrooms. This study was framed using Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which indicates literacy skills develop when students can participate in social and cultural activities (Pu, 2010). Bandura's concept of self-efficacy was used to understand how individuals perceive their ability to influence the things happening around them. Participants were third- and fourth-grade teachers across three school districts that shared similar demographics regarding student populations. Data collection occurred through surveys, interviews, and classroom observation field notes. Limitations related to the study sample size and the demographics of the school districts. Future research possibilities as well as recommendations for policymakers are discussed.




The Literacy Gaps


Book Description

"The book makes a contribution to the education of English language learners. It provides practical instructional suggestions for teachers of both ELLs and SELs that are informed by a deep understanding of theories of second language and second dialect acquisition and the development of reading and writing proficiencies." —Guadalupe Valdés, Professor of Education Stanford University "The concepts of gaps and bridges are clearly articulated up front and provide a well-structured theme that unites the various parts of the text. The use of this structure provides a logical and coherent mechanism for providing a complete picture of the problem—the literacy gap between ELs and native speakers—and a means for addressing this problem." —Kristina Anstrom, Senior Research Scientist The George Washington University Center for Equity and Excellence in Education Build bridges of support so English language learners can learn alongside their peers! English language learners (ELLs) and standard English learners (SELs) face multiple gaps as they strive to achieve, so educators need to take a holistic, comprehensive approach to bridge those gaps and meet the needs of ELLs and SELs in the classroom. Based on an original, well-researched framework, this much-needed resource provides practical strategies for supporting learning and success for ELLs. The authors provide strategies, examples, and classroom tools to address: The gap between students and texts: covering word recognition, background knowledge, comprehension, and academic language development The gap between students and teachers: including socio-cultural differences between teachers and students, and teacher perceptions and expectations The gap between students and their peers: discussing language proficiency differences, grouping strategies, and grade-level and schoolwide programs The Literacy Gaps helps educators give ELLs the skills they need to close the most important gap of all: the achievement gap.




Literacy Instruction for English Language Learners Pre-K-2


Book Description

Summarizing current research and weaving it into practical instructional strategies that teachers can immediately use with young English language learners (ELLs), this book addresses a major priority for today's primary-grade classrooms. All aspects of effective instruction for ELLs are explored: oral language development and instruction, materials, word study, vocabulary, comprehension, writing, and home-school connections. Assessment is discussed throughout, and is also covered in a separate chapter. The volume is packed with realistic examples, lesson planning ideas, book lists, online resources, and reproducibles. Discussion and reflection questions enhance its utility as a professional development tool or course text.







Research-based Methods of Reading Instruction for English Language Learners, Grades K-4


Book Description

This book is packed with reliable, high-impact, flexible strategies for teaching and learning that are grounded in research and suitable for teachers at any level. The authors also explain how teachers can use an innovative visual profile to better plan for different teaching and learning styles in their classrooms.




Literacy Instruction for English Language Learners


Book Description

Literacy Instruction for English Language Learners turns hundreds of ELL studies into dozens of strategies for regular classroom instruction. Nancy Cloud, Fred Genesee, and Else Hamayan have examined the research evidence to determine what works for ELLs. They recommend best practices for teaching English learners to read and write from emergent literacy to primary school and on through middle school and include helpful features that make the research directly accessible to all teachers.




Best Practices in Literacy Instruction


Book Description

This authoritative text and PreK–12 teacher resource is now in a substantially revised seventh edition with 80% new material, foregrounding advances in inclusive, equitable instruction. Teachers are guided through every major component of reading, as well as assessment, motivation, teaching bilingual learners, strengthening connections with families and communities, and more. The book presents principles and strategies for teaching literature and nonfiction texts, organizing and differentiating instruction, supporting struggling readers, and promoting digital literacy. Pedagogical features include chapter-opening bulleted previews of key points; reviews of the research evidence; recommendations for best practices in action, with examples from exemplary classrooms; and end-of-chapter engagement activities. New to This Edition *Chapter on culturally responsive teaching, plus more attention to social justice and equity throughout. *Chapter on supporting students in the “invisible middle.” *Important new focus on social and emotional learning (SEL). *All chapters thoroughly revised or rewritten to reflect current research, theory, and instructional practices.




Literacy Development with English Learners, Second Edition


Book Description

As the number of students learning English in elementary schools across the country continues to grow, so does the body of research on their literacy development. This respected course text and teacher resource synthesizes cutting-edge scholarship on how to teach English learners (ELs) at all levels of English proficiency. Accessible chapters on key components of reading and writing combine theoretical issues with practical suggestions for the classroom. Case studies, vignettes, and samples of student work illustrate both the challenges facing emergent bilingual students and the types of high-quality instruction that can help them succeed. New to This Edition *Incorporates the latest research and key current topics, such as bilingual assessment. *Chapter on vocabulary instruction across the elementary grades. *Chapter on collaborative teaching and how to structure it. *Covers implementation of the Common Core State Standards with ELs.




Evidence-based Instruction in Reading


Book Description

Incorporate a multi-tiered approach to literacy instruction and increase your students strategic thinking in reading and writing! Literacy experts, Robin Wisniewski, Nancy Padak, and Timothy Rasinski, explore the major components essential to creating an effective literacy program that supports all students. The authors present teachers with friendly tips and research-based strategies for implementing a Response to Intervention framework in their own schools and provide guidance on how to make instructional decisions for students who have fallen behind in reading. In particular, the authors focus on identifying effective elements of instruction and offer suggestions for instructional modifications in the classroom. The series, Evidence-Based Instruction in Reading is a professional development program designed to help teachers meet the literacy instruction guidelines as identified by the National Reading Panel (2000). Each of the books in the series focuses on one key component: learners with special needs, phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension and offers recommendations for incorporating appropriate reading materials, fostering productive home-school connections, and promoting a desire for students to learn to read and write throughout the five part series. Making this the perfect professional development resource for teachers in the elementary classroom!