Polymer Layer Structure and Protein Rearrangements Impact


Book Description

Protein adsorption onto foreign material is the beginning of a biological process that results in induced thrombosis that leads to a response that may be detrimental to the body. The prevention of blood plasma protein adsorption is a major factor in promoting biocompatibility of biomaterials with blood plasma. The application of coating biomaterial surfaces with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) has been very popular in biocompatibility studies. Theoretical studies have created models that have based protein adsorption on surfaces coated with polymers on free energies (van der Waals, hydrophobic interactions, and steric repulsions). The random sequential adsorption (RSA) model is a theoretical model that postulates that randomly distributed polymers and their obstruction of adsorption sites is a major factor that affects the random placement of protein adsorption based on the availability of the remaining unobstructed adsorption sites. This work examines the simulation of how the arrangement of polymer layers prepared by self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and physical adsorption affects the diffusion of the arrangement of proteins on the surface based on the RSA model. The model in this work extends the RSA model by considering the exact arrangement of polymers on the surface as well as dynamic rearrangements of adsorbed proteins that lead to a more closely packed layer. The modified RSA models are compared to previously reported experimental protein adsorption on PEO grafted surfaces using SAMs as well as physically adsorbed copolymers of PEO. Our results show that accounting for underlying polymer arrangement and protein rearrangements post-adsorption significantly improves the predictions of the RSA model. The simulations are compared with experimental observations for the polymers: EG1OH, EG2OH, EG4OH, EG6OH, EG17OCH3, EG23OH, EG46OH, and EG115OH. The effect of polymer grafting density and polymer chain length of PEO on protein adsorption are also investigated. These results provide a more robust model for predicting protein surface adsorption on hydrophilic polymer coated surfaces as a function of the polymer chain length, grafting density, protein size, protein surface sub-diffusion, and polymer layer structure. This paves a path for the design of high performance anti-fouling surface coatings.




Polymer Yearbook 17


Book Description

This volume contains reviews on state-of-the-art Japanese research presented in the annual Spring and Autumn meetings of the Japanese Polymer Science Society. The aim of this section is to make information on the progress of Japanese Polymer Science , and on topics of current interest to polymer scientists in Japan, more easily available worldwide.







Biologically Modified Polymeric Biomaterial Surfaces


Book Description

gap always exists between the material performance generation of new molecules along with the release during in-vivo animal tests and clinical situations, of substances from a multitude of cells. The plasma because of the difference in individual reactions proteins (including coagulation and complement proteins), the blood cells deposited on the material between one animal and another and humans. Likewise, sophisticated in-vitro and in-vivo models surface or circulating in the blood stream and their are being developed to study living body responses. released substances take part in the dynamic process of fibrinolysis and thrombus formation. Progress has been achieved in culturing mammalian cells, particularly human cells, which has lead to new in-vitro models to study cell-biomaterial Tissue response interactions. These techniques are discussed in the other chapters of this volume. Materials implanted in tissues always generate a response. The major tissue response in the extra BIOLOGICAL MODIFICATION vascular system is an inflammatory process, which may be induced chemically or physically. Many Surfaces of polymeric biomaterials may be modified proteins and cells are involved in this very complex by using a variety of biological entities (e.g.




Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes


Book Description

Serves as a guide for seasoned researchers and students alike, who wish to learn about the cross-fertilization between biology and materials that is driving this emerging area of science This book covers the most relevant topics in basic research and those having potential technological applications for the field of biopolymer brushes. This area has experienced remarkable increase in development of practical applications in nanotechnology and biotechnology over the past decade. In view of the rapidly growing activity and interest in the field, this book covers the introductory features of polymer brushes and presents a unifying and stimulating overview of the theoretical aspects and emerging applications. It immerses readers in the historical perspective and the frontiers of research where our knowledge is increasing steadily—providing them with a feeling of the enormous potential, the multiple applications, and the many up-and-coming trends behind the development of macromolecular interfaces based on the use of polymer brushes. Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: Fundamentals and Applications in Materials offers chapters on: Functionalization of Surfaces Using Polymer Brushes; Polymer Brushes by ATRP and Surface-Mediated RAFT Polymerization for Biological Functions; Electro-Induced Copper Catalyzed Surface Modification with Monolayer and Polymer Brush; Polymer Brushes on Flat and Curved Substrates; Biomimetic Anchors for Antifouling Polymer Brush Coating; Glycopolymer Brushes Presenting Sugars in Their Natural Form; Smart Surfaces Modified with Phenylboronic Acid-Containing Polymer Brushes; DNA Brushes; Polymer Brushes as Interfacial Materials for Soft Metal Conductors and Electronics; and more. Presents a comprehensive theory/simulation section that will be valuable for all readers Includes chapters not only on the biological applications of polymer brushes but also on biological systems that resemble polymer brushes on flat surfaces Addresses applications in coatings, friction, sensors, microelectromechanical systems, and biomaterials Devotes particular attention to the functional aspects of hybrid nanomaterials employing polymer brushes as functional units Polymer and Biopolymer Brushes: Fundamentals and Applications in Materials is aimed at both graduate students and researchers new to this subject as well as scientists already engaged in the study and development of polymer brushes.




Colloids and Interfaces in Life Sciences and Bionanotechnology, Second Edition


Book Description

Colloidal systems occur everywhere—in soils, seawater, foodstuff, pharmaceuticals, paints, blood, biological cells, and microorganisms. Colloids and Interfaces in Life Sciences and Bionanotechnology, Second Edition, gives a concise treatment of physicochemical principles determining interrelated colloidal and interfacial phenomena. New in the Second Edition: New topics, including phase separations in polymer systems, electrokinetics of charged permeable surface coatings, and polymer brush coatings to control adsorption and adhesion of particles Emphasis on inter-particle interactions and surface phenomena in (bio)nanotechnology Full solutions to over 100 updated and additional exercises are presented in the Appendix Focusing on physicochemical concepts that form the basis of understanding colloidal and interfacial phenomena—rather than on experimental methods and techniques—this book is an excellent primer for students and scientists interested in colloidal and interfacial phenomena, their mutual relations and connections, and the fascinating role they play in natural and man-made systems.




Polymers and Light


Book Description

This first book to focus on the important and topical effect of light on polymeric materials reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the topic, building a bridge between polymer chemistry and physics, photochemistry and photophysics, and materials science. Written by one experienced author, a consistent approach is maintained throughout, covering such applications as nonlinear optical materials, core materials for optical waveguides, photoresists in the production of computer chips, photoswitches and optical memories. Advanced reading for polymer, physical and organic chemists, manufacturers of optoelectronic devices, chemical engineers, and materials scientists.




Polymers in Regenerative Medicine


Book Description

Biomedical applications of Polymers from Scaffolds toNanostructures The ability of polymers to span wide ranges of mechanicalproperties and morph into desired shapes makes them useful for avariety of applications, including scaffolds, self-assemblingmaterials, and nanomedicines. With an interdisciplinary list ofsubjects and contributors, this book overviews the biomedicalapplications of polymers and focuses on the aspect of regenerativemedicine. Chapters also cover fundamentals, theories, and tools forscientists to apply polymers in the following ways: Matrix protein interactions with synthetic surfaces Methods and materials for cell scaffolds Complex cell-materials microenvironments in bioreactors Polymer therapeutics as nano-sized medicines for tissuerepair Functionalized mesoporous materials for controlleddelivery Nucleic acid delivery nanocarriers Concepts include macro and nano requirements for polymers aswell as future perspectives, trends, and challenges in the field.From self-assembling peptides to self-curing systems, this bookpresents the full therapeutic potential of novel polymeric systemsand topics that are in the leading edge of technology.




Structure and Dynamics of Confined Polymers


Book Description

Polymers are essential to biology because they can have enough stable degrees of freedom to store the molecular code of heredity and to express the sequences needed to manufacture new molecules. Through these they perform or control virtually every function in life. Although some biopolymers are created and spend their entire career in the relatively large free space inside cells or organelles, many biopolymers must migrate through a narrow passageway to get to their targeted destination. This suggests the questions: How does confining a polymer affect its behavior and function? What does that tell us about the interactions between the monomers that comprise the polymer and the molecules that confine it? Can we design and build devices that mimic the functions of these nanoscale systems? The NATO Advanced Research Workshop brought together for four days in Bikal, Hungary over forty experts in experimental and theoretical biophysics, molecular biology, biophysical chemistry, and biochemistry interested in these questions. Their papers collected in this book provide insight on biological processes involving confinement and form a basis for new biotechnological applications using polymers. In his paper Edmund DiMarzio asks: What is so special about polymers? Why are polymers so prevalent in living things? The chemist says the reason is that a protein made of N amino acids can have any of 20 different kinds at each position along the chain, resulting in 20 N different polymers, and that the complexity of life lies in this variety.




Protein Architecture


Book Description

Considers the design, structure and biological activity of ordered films comprised of proteins, polymers, amphiphile molecules and colloidal particles, and assesses the ability of protein/polyion multilayers to mimic living organelles. The book discusses how to reach predetermined locations with proteins and orient molecules while preserving their bioactivity.