Removal of VOCs from Groundwater Using Membrane-assisted Solvent Extraction


Book Description

A membrane-assisted solvent extraction (MASX) system coupled to a membrane-assisted distillation stripping (MADS) system for use in decontaminating groundwater is discussed. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are extracted in the MASX using a sunflower oil solvent. In the MADS, VOCs are stripped from the sunflower oil, and the oil is recycled to the MASX. Thermodynamic data for the sunflower oil-water-VOCs system were experimentally collected. Published membrane-mass transfer results along with these data were used to design the MASX and MADS modules.







Decontamination of Groundwater Using Membrane-assisted Solvent Extraction


Book Description

This report describes the development of a new process to remove volatile organic compounds at dilute concentrations (VOCs) from groundwater was recently begun at Argonne. This process consists of membrane-assisted solvent extraction and membrane-assisted distillation stripping (MASX/MADS). The use of membranes is the solvent extraction and distillation stripping units improves mass transfer by increasing the interfacial surface area, thus allowing the process to be performed efficiently at high throughputs. The thermodynamics of the separation process and regions of applicability of this process are discussed.










Membrane-Based Separations in Metallurgy


Book Description

Membrane-Based Separation in Metallurgy: Principles and Applications begins with basic coverage of the basic principles of the topic and then explains how membrane technology helps in the development of new environmentally friendly and sustainable metallurgical processes. The book features the principles of metallurgical process and how widely the membrane-based technology has been applied in metallurgical industry, including the basic principles of membrane-based separation in terms of material science, membrane structure engineering, transport mechanisms, and module design, detailed metallurgical process flowcharts with emphasis on membrane separations, current process designs, and describes problems and provides possible solutions. In addition, the book includes specific membrane applications, molecular design of materials, fine tuning of membrane's multi-scale structure, module selection and process design, along with a final analysis of the environmental and economic benefits achieved by using these new processes. - Outlines membrane separation processes and their use in the field of metallurgy - Includes case studies and examples of various processes - Describes individual unit operations and sectors of extractive metallurgy in a clear and thorough presentation for students and engineers - Provides a quick reference to wastewater treatment using membrane technology in the metallurgical industry - Outlines the design of flowsheets, a topic that is not covered in academic studies, but is necessary for the design of working process - Provides examples and analysis of the economic implications and environmental and social impacts




Acid Precipitation


Book Description










Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from Contaminated Groundwater by Pervaporation


Book Description

Effective removal of non-aqueous phase liquid pools in groundwater and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils can be achieved by surfactant flushing. This surfactant-rich ground water contains VOCs like trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene (DCE), etc. Membrane pervaporation technique is employed here to remove TCE from these micellar systems where a very high percentage of the VOC is trapped inside the micellar core. The micellar solution flows through the bore of microporous hydrophobic hollow fibers wherein the micelles break down and release the surfactants and the TCE. The TCE is then removed through the pores and a nonporous thin silicone skin on the outside surface of the fiber, the other side of which is subjected to vacuum to allow pervaporation-based removal of the VOC. This research has characterized such a process for removal of TCE with or without surfactant. It was established that the presence of surfactant adversely affected the removal of TCE. The flux of TCE was found to be an increasing function of feed flow rate and Reynolds number. This research has also briefly explored the permeation of nonvolatile hydrocarbons such as dodecane from water flowing through the fiber bore by using a similar hollow fiber membrane.