Robotic Single Cell Manipulation for Biological and Clinical Applications


Book Description

Single cell manipulation techniques have important applications in laboratory and clinical procedures such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and polar body biopsy for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Conventionally, manipulation of cells conducted in these procedures have been performed manually, which entails long training hours and stringent skills. Conventional single cell manipulation also has the limitation of low success rates and poor reproducibility due to human fatigue and skill variations across operators. This research focuses on the integration of computer vision microscopy and control algorithms into a system for the automation of the following single cell manipulation techniques: (1) sperm immobilization, (2) cell aspiration into a micropipette, and cell positioning inside a micropipette, and (3) rotational control of cells in three-dimensions. These automated techniques eliminate the need for significant human involvement and long training. Through experimental trials on live cells, the automated techniques demonstrated high success rates.




Robotic Cell Manipulation


Book Description

Robotic Cell Manipulation introduces up-to-date research to realize this new theme of medical robotics. The book is organized in three levels: operation tools (e.g., optical tweezers, microneedles, dielectrophoresis, electromagnetic devices, and microfluidic chips), manipulation types (e.g., microinjection, transportation, rotation fusion, adhesion, separation, etc.), and potential medical applications (e.g., micro-surgery, biopsy, gene editing, cancer treatment, cell-cell interactions, etc.). The technology involves different fields such as robotics, automation, imaging, microfluidics, mechanics, materials, biology and medical sciences. The book provides systematic knowledge on the subject, covering a wide range of basic concepts, theories, methodology, experiments, case studies and potential medical applications. It will enable readers to promptly conduct a systematic review of research and become an essential reference for many new and experienced researchers entering this unique field. Introduces the applications of robot-assisted manipulation tools in various cell manipulation tasks Defines many essential concepts in association with the robotic cell manipulation field, including manipulation strategy and manipulation types Introduces basic concepts and knowledge on various manipulation devices and tasks Describes some cutting-edge cell manipulation technologies and case studies




Robotics for Cell Manipulation and Characterization


Book Description

Robotics for Cell Manipulation and Characterization provides fundamental principles underpinning robotic cell manipulation and characterization, state-of-the-art technical advances in micro/nano robotics, new discoveries of cell biology enabled by robotic systems, and their applications in clinical diagnosis and treatment. This book covers several areas, including robotics, control, computer vision, biomedical engineering and life sciences using understandable figures and tables to enhance readers’ comprehension and pinpoint challenges and opportunities for biological and biomedical research. Focuses on, and comprehensively covers, robotics for cell manipulation and characterization Highlights recent advances in cell biology and disease treatment enabled by robotic cell manipulation and characterization Provides insightful outlooks on future challenges and opportunities




Autonomous Robot-Aided Optical Manipulation for Biological Cells


Book Description

Autonomous Robot-Aided Optical Manipulation for Biological Cells gives a systematically and almost self-contained description of the many facets of modeling, sensing, and control techniques or experimentally exploring emerging trends in optical manipulation of biological cell in micro/nanorobotics systems. To achieve biomedical applications, reliability design, modeling, and precision control are vitally important for the development of engineering systems. With the advances in modeling, sensing, and control techniques, it is opportunistic to exploit them for the benefit of reliability design, actuation, and precision control of micro/nanomanipulation systems to expanding the applications of robot at the micro and nano scales, especially in biomedical engineering. This book presents new techniques in reliability modeling and advanced control of robot-aided optical manipulation of biological cells systems. The book will be beneficial to the researchers within robotics, mechatronics, biomedical engineering, and automatic control society, including both academic and industrial parts. Provides a series of latest results in, including but not limited to, design, sensing, actuation, modeling, and control of micro/nano manipulation system using optical tweezers Gives recent advances of theory, technological aspects, and applications of advanced sensing, actuation, modeling and control methodologies in biomedical engineering applications Offers simulation and experimental results in each chapter in order to reflect the biomedical engineering practice, yet demonstrate the main focus of the developed design, analysis and synthesis approaches




Biologically Inspired Robotics


Book Description

Robotic engineering inspired by biology—biomimetics—has many potential applications: robot snakes can be used for rescue operations in disasters, snake-like endoscopes can be used in medical diagnosis, and artificial muscles can replace damaged muscles to recover the motor functions of human limbs. Conversely, the application of robotics technology to our understanding of biological systems and behaviors—biorobotic modeling and analysis—provides unique research opportunities: robotic manipulation technology with optical tweezers can be used to study the cell mechanics of human red blood cells, a surface electromyography sensing system can help us identify the relation between muscle forces and hand movements, and mathematical models of brain circuitry may help us understand how the cerebellum achieves movement control. Biologically Inspired Robotics contains cutting-edge material—considerably expanded and with additional analysis—from the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). These 16 chapters cover both biomimetics and biorobotic modeling/analysis, taking readers through an exploration of biologically inspired robot design and control, micro/nano bio-robotic systems, biological measurement and actuation, and applications of robotics technology to biological problems. Contributors examine a wide range of topics, including: A method for controlling the motion of a robotic snake The design of a bionic fitness cycle inspired by the jaguar The use of autonomous robotic fish to detect pollution A noninvasive brain-activity scanning method using a hybrid sensor A rehabilitation system for recovering motor function in human hands after injury Human-like robotic eye and head movements in human–machine interactions A state-of-the-art resource for graduate students and researchers in the fields of control engineering, robotics, and biomedical engineering, this text helps readers understand the technology and principles in this emerging field.




Robotic Manipulation of Reproductive Cells


Book Description

This is the first book to focus on robotic reproductive cell manipulation. It provides readers with the fundamental principles underpinning robotic manipulation of reproductive cells, including sperm, oocytes, and embryos, state-of-the-art technical advances in actuation, sensing and control for cell manipulation, and emerging automated systems for reproductive cell manipulation. The methods presented in the book are generic and can be translated to manipulating other types of cells, such as cancer cells and cardiomyocytes. Robotic Manipulation of Reproductive Cells will be an essential reference for graduate students and researchers working on small-scale robotic systems for cell manipulation and characterization, healthcare professionals interested in nanoscale, microscale, milli-scale robotic techniques for clinical cell surgeries and assisted reproduction, and engineers developing small-scale robotic systems for biomedical engineering, biology, and medicine.




Handbook of Single-Cell Technologies


Book Description

This book provides a brief overview of single-cell analysis using recent advanced technologies. The different sections cover different aspect of single cell analysis and applications with their advantages, limitations, and future challenges. The book has covered how different physical energies such as optical, electrical, and mechanical energy have been applied for single cell therapy and analysis. The recent advanced micro/nanofluidic devices have been employed for single-cell counting, manipulation, cultivation, separation, isolation, lysis, printing and patterning and host-viral interaction at single-cell level. Various chemical approaches for single-cell analysis have been discussed, such as liposome mediated materials transfer at single-cell and their analysis, discovery of antibody via single-cell, high-throughput screening of antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells, and biomolecular secretion analysis of individual cells. Moreover, different single-cell omics such as genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics have been discussed using microfluidic technologies as well as conventional approaches. The role of single cell analysis in system biology and biocatalysis have been discussed in detail. The book describes single-cell phenotyping of heterogeneous tissue, stimulation, and instant reaction quenching technology for biochemical kinetic analysis, large scale single-cell assay for the identification of biocatalysts and analytical techniques for single-cell studies in microbiology. The role of single-cell analysis in cancer, such as single-cell adhesion and cancer progression, single-cell technologies for cancer therapy, analytical technology for single cancer cell analysis, and biophysical markers for cancer cell analysis have been discussed. The flow cytometry based high throughput single-cell analysis have been well emphasized. Finally this book has covered single-cell electrophysiology, single-cell sensing and size measurement using mechanical and microwave resonators, molecular force spectroscopy for cell adhesion measurement, micro-tweezers and force microscopy techniques for single-cell mechanobiological analysis, mass spectrometry and acoustic tweezers for single-cell manipulation and analysis. This book is intended for academic and industrial researchers, undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of biomedical engineering, bio-micro/nanoengineering, and bio-micro/nano fabrication for single-cell analysis. It can be used for courses on bio-MEMS/bio-NEMS, biomicrofluidics, bio-micro/nanofabrications, micro/nanofluidics, biophysics, single cell analysis, bionanotechnology, drug delivery systems and biomedical microdevices. Collective contributions from respected experts, have brought diverse aspects of single-cell technologies in a single hand book. This will benefit researchers and practitioners in the biotechnology industry for different diseases analysis, therapeutics, diagnostics, drug discovery, drug screening etc. In addition to hard copies, the book will be available online and will often be updated by the authors.




Control Systems Design of Bio-Robotics and Bio-Mechatronics with Advanced Applications


Book Description

Control Systems Design of Bio-Robotics and Bio-Mechatronics with Advanced Applications delivers essential and advanced bioengineering information on the application of control and robotics technologies in the life sciences. Judging by what we have witnessed so far, this exciting field of control systems and robotics in bioengineering is likely to produce revolutionary breakthroughs over the next decade. While this book is intended for senior undergraduate or graduate students in both control engineering and biomedical engineering programs, it will also appeal to medical researchers and practitioners who want to enhance their quantitative understanding of physiological processes. Focuses on the engineering and scientific principles underlying the extraordinary performance of biomedical robotics and bio-mechatronics Demonstrates the application of principles for designing corresponding algorithms Presents the latest innovative approaches to medical diagnostics and procedures, as well as clinical rehabilitation from the point-of-view of dynamic modeling, system analysis and control




Micro-Nanorobotic Manipulation Systems and Their Applications


Book Description

Micro/Nano Robotics and Automation technologies have rapidly grown associated with the growth of Micro and Nanotechnologies. This book presents a summary of fundamentals in micro-nano scale engineering and the current state of the art of these technologies. “Micro-Nanorobotic Manipulation Systems and their Applications” introduces these advanced technologies from the basics and applications aspects of Micro/Nano-Robotics and Automation from the prospective micro/nano-scale manipulation. The book is organized in 9 chapters including an overview chapter of Micro/Nanorobotics and Automation technology from the historical view and important related research works. Further chapters are devoted to the physics of micro-nano fields as well as to material and science, microscopes, fabrication technology, importance of biological cell, and control techniques. Furthermore important examples, applications and a concise summary of Micro-Nanorobotics and Automation technologies are given.




Micro- and Nanomanipulation Tools


Book Description

Combining robotics with nanotechnology, this ready reference summarizes the fundamentals and emerging applications in this fascinating research field. This is the first book to introduce tools specifically designed and made for manipulating micro- and nanometer-sized objects, and presents such examples as semiconductor packaging and clinical diagnostics as well as surgery. The first part discusses various topics of on-chip and device-based micro- and nanomanipulation, including the use of acoustic, magnetic, optical or dielectrophoretic fields, while surface-driven and high-speed microfluidic manipulation for biophysical applications are also covered. In the second part of the book, the main focus is on microrobotic tools. Alongside magnetic micromanipulators, bacteria and untethered, chapters also discuss silicon nano- and integrated optical tweezers. The book closes with a number of chapters on nanomanipulation using AFM and nanocoils under optical and electron microscopes. Exciting images from the tiniest robotic systems at the nano-level are used to illustrate the examples throughout the work. A must-have book for readers with a background ranging from engineering to nanotechnology.