Scared Straight!


Book Description

This study examines why, in the face of data that show its ineffectiveness, the "Scared Straight" approach to delinquency prevention continues to be used in some jurisdictions. The author's 1982 edition examined and critiqued the Scared Straight project at New Jersey's Rahway State Prison. It identified the program as unable to deal with juvenile delinquency; associated it with a pattern of failure in other efforts to deal with juvenile delinquency; and linked these to a futile but persistent quest for simple remedies or cure-alls. This pattern was referred to as the "panacea phenomenon". This new edition updates the evidence and extends the discussion. The panacea phenomenon is identified as a myth, having the function of offering simple explanations for complex, often otherwise unexplainable issues and problems. The original Scared Straight case study is then reviewed and evidence of Scared Straight's performance since 1982 presented. A description of Norway's Ullersmo project, which operated from 1992 to 1996 and was based on U.S. models, is offered as an international example of the panacea phenomenon in action. The book concludes that Scared Straight and programs like it, survive despite evidence that they do not work because they are harmonious with certain deeply held beliefs about crime, punishment, and human behavior. One such belief -- that fear of consequences sustains behavioral change -- is a cornerstone of the Scared Straight program.







Preventing Crime


Book Description

This book examines evidence-based crime prevention through the use of the rigorous methodology of systematic reviews. It brings together the leading scientific evidence on what works best for a wide range of interventions organized around four important domains in criminology: at-risk children, offenders, victims, and places. It is an indispensable guide to the leading scientific evidence on what works best to prevent crime.




Juvenile Crime and Justice


Book Description

Looking at topics such as boot camps, the death penalty and parental responsibility, this is an important resource for students of criminology and related disciplines.




Encyclopedia of Adolescence


Book Description

The Encyclopedia of Adolescence breaks new ground as an important central resource for the study of adolescence. Comprehensive in breath and textbook in depth, the Encyclopedia of Adolescence – with entries presented in easy-to-access A to Z format – serves as a reference repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new knowledge long before such information trickles down from research to standard textbooks. By making full use of Springer’s print and online flexibility, the Encyclopedia is at the forefront of efforts to advance the field by pushing and creating new boundaries and areas of study that further our understanding of adolescents and their place in society. Substantively, the Encyclopedia draws from four major areas of research relating to adolescence. The first broad area includes research relating to "Self, Identity and Development in Adolescence". This area covers research relating to identity, from early adolescence through emerging adulthood; basic aspects of development (e.g., biological, cognitive, social); and foundational developmental theories. In addition, this area focuses on various types of identity: gender, sexual, civic, moral, political, racial, spiritual, religious, and so forth. The second broad area centers on "Adolescents’ Social and Personal Relationships". This area of research examines the nature and influence of a variety of important relationships, including family, peer, friends, sexual and romantic as well as significant nonparental adults. The third area examines "Adolescents in Social Institutions". This area of research centers on the influence and nature of important institutions that serve as the socializing contexts for adolescents. These major institutions include schools, religious groups, justice systems, medical fields, cultural contexts, media, legal systems, economic structures, and youth organizations. "Adolescent Mental Health" constitutes the last major area of research. This broad area of research focuses on the wide variety of human thoughts, actions, and behaviors relating to mental health, from psychopathology to thriving. Major topic examples include deviance, violence, crime, pathology (DSM), normalcy, risk, victimization, disabilities, flow, and positive youth development.




Handbook of Crime Correlates


Book Description

The Handbook of Crime Correlates, Second Edition summarizes more than a century of worldwide research on traits and social conditions associated with criminality and antisocial behavior. Findings are provided in tabular form, enabling readers to determine at a glance the nature of each association. Within each table, results are listed by country, type of crime (or other forms of antisocial behavior), and whether each variable is positively, negatively, or insignificantly associated with offending behavior. Criminal behavior is broken down according to major categories, including violent crime, property crime, drug offenses, sex offenses, delinquency, and recidivism. This book provides a resource for practitioners and academics who are interested in criminal and antisocial behavior. It is relevant to the fields of criminology/criminal justice, sociology, and psychology. No other publication provides as much information about how a wide range of variables—e.g., gender, religion, personality traits, weapons access, alcohol and drug use, social status, geography, and seasonality—correlate with offending behavior. - Includes 600+ tables regarding variables related to criminal behavior - Consolidates 100+ years of academic research on criminal behavior - Findings are identified by country and world regions for easy comparison - Lists criminal-related behaviors according to major categories - Identifies universal crime correlates




Medical Experimentation


Book Description

First published in 1974, Charles Fried's Medical Experimentation is a classic statement of the moral relationship between doctor and patient, as expressed within the concept of personal care. This concept is then tested in the context of medical experimentation and, more specifically, the randomized controlled trial (RCT). Regularly referred to as a point of departure for ethical and legal discussions of the RCT, the book has long been out of print. This new, second edition includes a general introduction by Franklin Miller and the late Alan Wertheimer, a reprint of the 1974 text, and an in-depth analysis by Harvard Law School scholars I. Glenn Cohen and D. James Greiner which discusses the extension of RTCTs to social science and public policy contexts. The volume concludes with a new essay by Charles Fried that reflects on the original text and how it applies to the contemporary landscape of medicine and medical experimentation.




Lawful Order


Book Description

Prisons remain a controversial topic for debate in our society. While few doubt the necessity of their existence, there is considerable debate over their purpose, organization, and processes. Do prisons exist to rehabilitate, punish, or simply incarcerate? How do we judge prison conditions? If those conditions are found to be unacceptable, how do we change them? What are a prisoner's rights? This book charts the history of Rhode Island's Adult Correctional Institutions over the past 40 years. Professor Carroll examines the radical transformation of Rhode Island prisons in response to changes in their external environment, and determines that the transformation can be seen to manifest five distinct stages: patriarchy, anarchy, restoration, threat, and consolidation.




The Dynamics of Persuasion


Book Description

Now in its seventh edition, this essential text continues to provide students with a comprehensive yet accessible overview of the study and practice of persuasive communication. Attuned to the swift changes in the world of persuasion in the twenty-first century, this book covers how theories and research illuminate and adapt to our present digital era, with continued attention to ethical implications and today’s big topics. This new edition features updated definitions of key terms in the field as they relate to present-day practice; an integration of persuasion theories and the ubiquity of online influence; new examples and cases to illustrate persuasive communication’s approach to health campaigns, attitudes, communicator appeals, dissonance, and ethics; and a thorough reflection of the most current scholarship in the field. The Dynamics of Persuasion, Seventh Edition provides a solid foundation for undergraduate students in communication studies and psychology to grasp the key concepts and practices of persuasive communication today. The book is complemented by online resources for both instructors and students, including an instructor’s manual, lecture slides, sample test questions, and links to relevant articles and videos illustrating concepts presented in the text. Please visit www.routledge.com/cw/perloff.