Anion Receptor Chemistry


Book Description

Anion recognition plays a critical role in a range of biological processes, and a variety of receptors and carriers can be found throughout the natural world. Chemists working in the area of supramolecular chemistry have created a range of anion receptors, drawing inspiration from nature as well as their own inventive processes. This book traces the origins of anion recognition chemistry as a unique sub-field in supramolecular chemistry while illustrating the basic approaches currently being used to effect receptor design. The combination of biological overview and summary of current synthetic approaches provides a coverage that is both comprehensive and comprehensible. First, the authors detail the key design motifs that have been used to generate synthetic receptors and which are likely to provide the basis for further developments. They also highlight briefly some of the features that are present in naturally occurring anion recognition and transport systems and summarise the applications of anion recognition chemistry. Providing as it does a detailed review for practitioners in the field and a concise introduction to the topic for newcomers, Anion Receptor Chemistry reflects the current state of the art. Fully referenced and illustrated in colour, it is a welcome addition to the literature.




Elementary Polarization Spectroscopy


Book Description

This book offers an elementary introduction to optical spectroscopy with polarized light. It is written at a level suitable for undergraduate students in chemistry and undergraduate or graduate students in related disciplines such as biochemistry, biology, chemical engineering and materials science. It emphasizes the qualitative concepts and deemphasizes mathematics, yet provides sufficient information and practical hints for experiments. With this book in hand, anyone who can measure an ordinary infrared, ultraviolet or visible absorption or fluorescence emission spectrum can measure a polarized one as well and learn far more about the sample.




Helicenes


Book Description

Helicenes A thorough introduction to everything there is to know about this fascinating compound class The intriguing nature of this highly interesting compound class has inspired much research over the last decade, and much of what has been produced is highly interdisciplinary, with applications found in catalysis, material science, and spectroscopy. Indeed, the field has reached maturity such that elegant synthetic methods are now available and novel applications in arenas such as enantioselective catalysis and optoelectronics are appearing. Helicenes provides not only an introduction to the synthesis of the fascinating compound class of helicenes, but also describes the properties and, most importantly, their applications. The book thoroughly explains several synthetic routes from classical to state-of-the-art methods. In addition, the different classes of helicene-based molecules – organic, organometallic, oligo-meric, and multidimensional – are covered. Helicenes readers will also find: Edited by world-leading experts in the field of chirality A comprehensive and well-structured approach that deals with every aspect of this compound class Discussions of the applications of helicenes in organic synthesis, photophysics, material science, optoelectronic devices, on-surface chemistry, and theoretical calculations A special focus on the applications of helicenes in catalysis, optoelectronics, non-linear optics, and chiroptical spectroscopy Chapters focusing on helicenes as theoretical helically chiral models Helicenes is an essential reference for organic chemists, materials scientists, spectroscopists, polymer chemists, inorganic chemists, and catalytic chemists, as well as students in these fields and libraries supplying them.




Optical Chemical Sensors


Book Description

This book covers optical chemical sensing by means of optical waveguides, from the fundamentals to the most recent applications. The book includes a historical review of the development of these sensors, from the earliest laboratory prototypes to the first commercial instrumentations. The book reprints a lecture by the Nobel Laureate Charles Townes on the birth of maser and laser, which lucidly illustrates the development of new science and new technology.




G-Quadruplex Nucleic Acids


Book Description

This volume covers the structures, properties, and functions of G-quadruplexes in a wide range of biological disciplines, including therapeutic intervention and biomaterial application. The chapters in this book explore a wide range of vital and new experimental techniques used in the study of G-quadruplexes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and cutting-edge, G-Quadruplex DNA: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both novice and experienced researchers who work in biophysics, structural biology, computational biology, biochemistry, and molecular and cell biology, and who want to learn more about the potential roles and effects of G-quadruplex in these fields.




Advanced Photon Counting


Book Description

This volume focuses on Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC), a powerful tool allowing luminescence lifetime measurements to be made with high temporal resolution, even on single molecules. Combining spectrum and lifetime provides a “fingerprint” for identifying such molecules in the presence of a background. Used together with confocal detection, this permits single-molecule spectroscopy and microscopy in addition to ensemble measurements, opening up an enormous range of hot life science applications such as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and measurement of Förster Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) for the investigation of protein folding and interaction. Several technology-related chapters present both the basics and current state-of-the-art, in particular of TCSPC electronics, photon detectors and lasers. The remaining chapters cover a broad range of applications and methodologies for experiments and data analysis, including the life sciences, defect centers in diamonds, super-resolution microscopy, and optical tomography. The chapters detailing new options arising from the combination of classic TCSPC and fluorescence lifetime with methods based on intensity fluctuation represent a particularly unique highlight.




Quadruplex Nucleic Acids


Book Description

Guanine rich DNA has been known for decades to form unusual structures, although their biological relevance was little understood. Recent advances have demonstrated that quadruplex structures can play a role in gene expression and provide opportunities for a new class of anticancer therapeutics. A number of quadruplex-specific proteins have also been discovered. Quadruplex Nucleic Acids discusses all aspects of the fundamentals of quadruplex structures, including their structure in solution and the crystalline state, the kinetics of quadruplex folding, and the role of cations in structure and stability. The biology of quadruplexes and G-rich genomic regions and G-quartets in supramolecular chemistry and nanoscience are also considered. Surveying the current state of knowledge, and with contributions from leading experts, this is the first comprehensive review of this rapidly growing area. Quadruplex Nucleic Acids is ideal for researchers interested in areas related to chemistry, chemical biology, medicinal chemistry, molecular pharmacology, and structural and molecular biology.




Dienamine Catalysis for Organic Synthesis


Book Description

In the last decade a new era in asymmetric catalysis has been realised by the discovery of L-proline induced chiral enamines from carbonyls. Inspired by this, researchers have developed many other primary catalytic species in situ, more recently secondary catalytic species such as aminals have been identified for use in asymmetric synthesis. High-yielding asymmetric synthesis of bioactive and natural products through mild catalysis is an efficient approach in reaction engineering. In the early days, synthetic chemists mainly focused on the synthesis of complex molecules, with less attention on the reaction efficiency and eco-friendly conditions. Recent investigations have been directed towards the development of atom economy, eco-friendly and enantioselective synthesis for more targeted and efficient synthesis. Building on the momentum of this rapidly expanding research area, Dienamine catalysis for organic synthesis will provide a comprehensive introduction, from the preformed species, in situ generation and onto their applications in the synthesis of bioactive molecules and natural products.