Teachers Perceptions of English Language Learners Inclusion: an Action Research Study


Book Description

This study examined what teachers need to effectively implement a new ELL inclusion model for teaching and learning. The quantitative and qualitative components of this study were used to explore what differences, if any, exist between ELL teachers and general education teachers, with respect to professional development, administrative support, communication, peer support, common planning time, knowledge regarding the development of language acquisition, and school culture. Survey, focus groups, and personal interviews indicated that both general education and ELL teachers did not feel supported in the new inclusion program. The study resulted in four important findings. First, the findings indicated a need for appropriate support and training and long-term professional development that would include both general and ELL teachers. Both participant groups agreed that they would like weekly common planning time set into their schedules and support from the school administration. Second, the results indicated a need for further understanding of planning for ELL students. Better communication between ELL and general education teachers could facilitate this understanding. Both groups would like to share data so they can plan effective lessons according to the needs of the ELL students. General education teachers also stated that ELL teachers needed to be held accountable for grading ELL students when they are in subject area classes. Third, the results indicated that both groups of teachers had a different view of the inclusion model. They both would like to have a model classroom to see how to co- teach together, and they both would like to have support from their colleagues. Fourth, the results indicated a need for teachers to receive training in language acquisition and to be provided with a curriculum that will include both ELL and general education teachers so that they can plan together more effectively.




The Effect of Instruction and Teacher Attitudes on English Language Learners' Achievement


Book Description

Providing proven research-based instructional practice for teaching English Language Learners (ELL) students, along with the collection and analysis of student data, might provide educators with the justification needed to support specific programs. English as Second Language (ESL) programs are at a crossroads. This study examined and compared the achievement of high school ELL students following their instruction in inclusive programs and sheltered programs. Students' ACCESS test scores were compared and analyzed as well as teachers' perceptions of best instructional practices for ESL achievement. The data gathered and analyzed were intended to assist schools in making informed decisions about instruction, student progress, and programs for ELL students. Student results were examined individually and as a group average. Small differences were recorded. Individually the students who received instruction in a sheltered setting (Group B) had higher individual levels of proficiency than students who received instruction in an inclusive setting (Group A). However, on average the students who received instruction in the inclusive setting had slightly higher levels of proficiency in language acquisition than students in the sheltered setting. There was a small difference in the acquisitions of language for students who participated in inclusive ESL programs compared to those who participated in sheltered ESL programs. The students who received instruction in an inclusive setting (Group A) had higher individual levels of proficiency in mathematics and social studies than students who received instruction in a sheltered setting (Group B). On average, students who received instruction in the inclusive setting had higher levels of proficiency in language arts and social studies than students in a sheltered setting, while the average of students in a sheltered program had higher levels of proficiency in mathematics and science. Teachers posited that at times students should be sheltered for instruction, especially for English language instruction, in order for differentiated instruction to be employed more effectively. They also indicated that students should be included in the general education classroom for classes such as mathematics, with supports. No Child Left Behind has required educators to rethink how, why, and for whom they are designing instructional programs. Standards and benchmarks require teachers to be clear about what matters in subject content. Success on mandated state assessments requires inseparability between instruction and assessment. Teachers need to understand, appreciate and build upon student abilities, especially among the ELL population.




Teacher Perceptions on English Language Learner Success


Book Description

English Language Learners are growing in exponential numbers in our schools across the nation, but they continue to trail behind the rest of their peers due to their limited abilities with the English language. The purpose of this study was to determine teacher perceptions and the way they understand the learning needs of ELLs. Teacher perceptions will indicate whether middle school teachers are aware of the learning needs of ELLs and whether their perceptions, negative or positive, impact the way in which they teach. A mixed methods study was conducted to determine teacher perceptions on the learning needs of ELLs. Quantitative survey and interview responses were analyzed for themes compared to the previous research. Results showed that the majority of teachers have a solid understanding of the learning needs of ELLs. There is a need for research that shows teacher perceptions on the learning needs of ELLs. There is a lack of study in this area due to the variables involved. The study concluded the education field would benefit from this study from a framework to determine the positive and negative teacher perceptions on the learning needs of ELLs. With an agreed upon framework schools can determine other ways to help this student group excel academically.




Doing Action Research in English Language Teaching


Book Description

This hands-on, practical guide for ESL/EFL teachers and teacher educators outlines, for those who are new to doing action research, what it is and how it works. Straightforward and reader friendly, it introduces the concepts and offers a step-by-step guide to going through an action research process, including illustrations drawn widely from international contexts. Specifically, the text addresses: action research and how it differs from other forms of research the steps involved in developing an action research project ways of developing a research focus methods of data collection approaches to data analysis making sense of action research for further classroom action. Each chapter includes a variety of pedagogical activities: Pre-Reading questions ask readers to consider what they already know about the topic Reflection Points invite readers to think about/discuss what they have read action points ask readers to carry out action-research tasks based on what they have read Classroom Voices illustrate aspects of action research from teachers internationally Summary Points provide a synopsis of the main points in the chapter Bringing the 'how-to' and the 'what' together, Doing Action Research in English Language Teaching is the perfect text for BATESOL and MATESOL courses in which action research is the focus or a required component.




Teachers' Perceptions, Views, and Practices of Providing Feedback for English Learners in Kindergarten Through Second Grade During Reading Instruction


Book Description

The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the perceptions and practices of teachers providing effective feedback for early elementary-aged English Learners during reading instruction. The participants in this study were 9 elementary teachers who had English Learners in their class during reading instruction, from suburban school districts in the northeastern region of the United States. Guided by Vygotsky's sociocultural theory (1978), in which learning occurs by interactions between teachers and students, the teacher mediates learning through social interactions with the use of learners' Zone of Proximal Development (Lantolf & Thorne, 2006; Lantolf & Beckett, 2009). This study is led by three research questions regarding teachers' practices of providing feedback toward English Learners during reading instruction, an investigation of the perceptions of teachers when they provide feedback specifically toward English Learners, as well as factors that influence their feedback practices. Two methods of data collection were used in this study. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to investigate elementary teachers' perceptions and current practices of effective feedback toward English Learners. Additionally, a focus group interview was completed to investigate how the perceptions of teachers may influence their feedback practices as well as factors that influence their feedback in past, present, and future reading lessons. Both methods of data collection were then transcribed, coded, analyzed, and underwent triangulation to ensure consistency of the data. This qualitative study provided an understanding to fill in the gap in the literature to examine elementary teachers' perceptions and practices of providing feedback to early elementary-aged English Learners in terms of what teachers view as effective for ELs in order to promote progress in reading skills. Furthermore, the findings from this qualitative study will assist administrators, curriculum developers, advocates for English Learners, as well as district leaders to find improved forms of professional development regarding the implementation of effective feedback for elementary-aged ELs. Lastly, administrators can provide effective professional development for teachers to better support ELs in reading as well as raise awareness for the need of updated professional development opportunities in the topic of providing feedback for ELs during reading instruction.




Perceptions and Practices in English Language Learner Instruction


Book Description

The purpose of this qualitative research study is to reveal the current practices of English Language Learner (ELL) content-area teachers, the perceptions content-area teachers have about teaching ELL classes, and the perceptions ELL students have about learning in classrooms of all ELL students. In the research, the following questions are examined, In secondary schools where English Language Learners are grouped in sheltered classrooms that are taught by regular education teachers, what differentiated strategies are the regular education teachers using to meet the needs of English Language Learners? What are the attitudes and perceptions of regular education teachers with no ELL training who teach sheltered ELL classes? What are the attitudes and perceptions of ELL students learning in sheltered ELL classrooms?




Educator Perceptions of Instructional Strategies for Standards-Based Education of English Language Learners with Disabilities. ELLs with Disabilities Report 7


Book Description

The study reported here was conducted as part of a larger investigation designed to identify instructional strategies most beneficial for English language learners with disabilities. Other aspects of the investigation are examining the research literature, information from parents and students, and the effects of specific strategies. In this study, the goal was to determine which instructional strategies are recommended for English language learners with disabilities by teachers across disciplines (special education, ESL/bilingual education, mainstream content areas). Specifically, the purpose was to determine the teacher-identified effective strategies for teaching grade-level reading/English language arts, mathematics, and science content to English language learners with disabilities. Appended are: (1) Descriptive Data for Phase I, 30 Teachers; (2) Instrument Used in Final Data Collection; (3) Glossary of Strategies; (4) Data Used in the Analysis; (5) Sample Page of Content Area Survey for Reading; and (6) Use and Feasibility Data. (Contains 9 tables and 11 figures.).




Evaluation of Teachers' Perceptions of Effective Instructional Methods for English Language Learners


Book Description

Students whose native language is not English and who attend American schools, or who are English language learners (ELLs), face challenges in achieving academic success. Krashen's theory of English acquisition has influenced most programs designed to help ELL students. However, no research to date has focused on whether ELL teachers think these programs actually work. The goal of this qualitative study was to address this gap using teachers' responses to questions regarding the effectiveness of current ELL programs. The research questions that guided this study focused on how ELL teachers perceived the effectiveness of ELL instructional methods, how they perceived the ELL programs implemented by their schools, and the factors they perceived as contributing to how quickly ELL students learn. Sixteen ELL teachers in five Texas elementary charter schools participated in this research by completing an open-ended survey. The qualitative information obtained from the surveys was used to identify themes that were used to answer the research questions. The teachers reported that they believed the most effective instructional methods built on basic language theory and utilized repetition and a variety of resources to communicate the basics of word recognition, phonetics, tenses, grammar, and reading comprehension. Participants also expressed dissatisfaction with federal programs and standards-based assessments. Additional research, such as a longitudinal study or one with a larger sample (perhaps including schools in other regions), would increase the generalizing of these results and further increase existing knowledge about what teachers perceive to be effective methods for teaching ELL students.




English Language Learners in Linguistically Diverse Classrooms


Book Description

This study examined the attitudes of mainstream elementary teachers toward the inclusion of English language learners (ELLs). The classroom practices of these teachers, their perceptions of second language acquisition, and their attitudes toward professional development were also examined. Twenty-nine classroom teachers from two urban elementary schools in southeastern Pennsylvania participated in the study. Data were gathered through the use of a self-reporting survey and a focus group. Analysis of the data revealed that teachers evidenced positive attitudes regarding ELLs in the mainstream classroom, yet felt unprepared in meeting their needs. This study also revealed teachers' misconceptions regarding second language acquisition and the needs of ELLs in general. While teachers were found to engage in some teaching practices that support ELLs, there was little evidence of planning with these learners in mind. Most of the teachers in this study were interested in professional development that would improve their effectiveness in working with English language learners.




The Literacy Gaps


Book Description

Build bridges of support so English language learners and standard English learners can learn alongside their peers! This comprehensive, research-based guide helps teachers bridge multiple gaps and promote learning for English language learners (ELLs) and standard English learners (SELs). The authors provide strategies, examples, and tools to address: The gap between students and texts: covering word recognition, background knowledge, comprehension, and academic language development The gap between students and teachers: including sociocultural differences between teachers and students and teacher perceptions and expectations The gap between students and their peers: discussing language proficiency differences, grouping strategies, and grade-level and schoolwide programs