› › The Influence Of Race And Space An Analysis Of The Well Being Of Youth In Civil Gang Injunctions

The Influence of Race and Space: An Analysis of the Well-Being of Youth in Civil Gang Injunctions

Author : Blanca Roxana Martinez-Navarro

Publisher :

Page : 113 pages

File Size : 49,88 MB

Release : 2018

Category :

ISBN :

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For the last thirty years, the City of Los Angeles has aggressively employed the use of civil gang injunctions (CGIs) in efforts to create safe and low-crime neighborhoods. Gang injunctions are spatial crime control mechanisms that prohibit alleged gang members and their associates from engaging in mundane activities, including driving, standing, sitting, walking, gathering, or appearing with suspected gang members in specific and defined geographic areas ("safety zone"). Gang injunctions name and remove alleged gang members from neighborhoods under the premise that this removal will reduce gang violence and overall crime. The literature on civil gang injunctions generally focuses on their impact on crime reduction. However, research regarding the indirect impact of civil gang injunction on youth living in neighborhoods with injunctions is limited. The present study examines the influence gang injunctions have on the well-being of youth, specifically Youth of Color . This study investigates how neighborhoods that employ spatial policies, like gang injunctions, influence the sense of belonging, safety, and educational aspirations for Youth of Color. By applying a spatial and racial conceptual framework, the theory of racial space, this study explores the interplay of space and race through gang injunctions employed in Los Angeles and their influence on the success and well-being of Youth of Color. The main data source for this study is the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhoods Survey-1 (LA FANS) a longitudinal study of neighborhoods and households by the RAND Corporation and UCLA (Rand/L.A. FANS, 2011). L.A. FANS-1 includes data on children, families, and neighborhoods from 2000-2002. For this study, L.A. FANS-1 is utilized to measure a youth's sense of belonging, safety, and educational attainment. In addition, census and geographic data are used to measure neighborhood with civil gang injunctions. Quantitative analyses reveal that neighborhoods that enforce the practice of gang injunctions influence a youth's sense of safety predominantly in neighborhoods with a large presence of Youth of Color. The findings of my dissertation reveal that youth who live in areas with CGIs, are more likely to report feeling unsafe in their neighborhood compared to youth who live in neighborhoods with no CGIs. Additionally, Latino and Black youth are more likely to feel unsafe in their neighborhoods compared to their White counterparts. These results suggest that while the spatial and racial space theoretical framework can explain part of the relationship between youth and gang injunctions, it cannot clearly demonstrate other associations. This study confirms that additional quantitative research, with additional measurements describing youth's perceptions and qualitative research interviewing youth is critical to further understand the influence and impact of gang injunctions on a youth's overall wellbeing.



Race in the Hood

Author : Howard Pinderhughes

Publisher : U of Minnesota Press

Page : 220 pages

File Size : 38,18 MB

Release : 1997

Category : Hate crimes

ISBN : 9781452903262

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Race, Recognition and Retribution in Contemporary Youth Justice

Author : Esmorie Miller

Publisher : Routledge

Page : 288 pages

File Size : 13,99 MB

Release : 2021-12-30

Category : Social Science

ISBN : 135103944X

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Race, Recognition and Retribution in Contemporary Youth Justice provides a cross-national, sociohistorical investigation of the legacy of racial discrimination, which informs contemporary youth justice practice in Canada and England. The book links racial disparities in youth justice, especially exclusion from ideologies of care and notions of future citizenship, with historical practices of exclusion. Despite the logic of care found in both rehabilitative and retributive forms of youth justice, Black inner-city youth remain excluded from lenience and social welfare considerations. This exclusion reflects a historical legacy of racial discrimination apparent in the harsher sanctions levied against Black, innercity youth. In exploring race’s role in this arrangement, the book asks: To what extent were Black youth excluded from historic considerations of the lenience and social care, built into the logic of youth justice in England and Canada? To what extent are the disproportionately high incarceration rates, for Black, inner-city youth in the contemporary system, a reflection of a historic exclusion from considerations of lenience and social care? How might contemporary justice efforts be reoriented to explicitly prioritize considerations of lenience and social care ahead of penalty for Black, inner-city youth? Examining the entrenched structural continuities of racial discrimination, the book draws on archival and interview data, with interviewees including professionals who work with inner-city youth. In concert with the archival and interview data, the book offers the intractability/malleability I/M thesis, an integrated social theoretical logic with the capacity to expand the customary analytical scope for understanding the contemporary entrenched normalization of racialized youth as punishable. The aim is to advance a historicized account, exploring youth’s positioning as constitutive of a continuity of racialized peoples’, in general, and youth’s, in particular, historic exclusion from the benefits of modern rights, including lenience and care. The I/M logic takes its analytical currency from a combined critical race theory (CRT) and recognition theory. The book argues that a truly progressive era of youth justice necessitates cultivating policy and practice which explicitly prioritizes considerations of lenience and social care, ahead of reliance on penalty. This multidisciplinary book is valuable reading for academics and students researching criminology, sociology, politics, anthropology, critical race studies, and history. It will also appeal to practitioners in the field of youth justice, policymakers, and third-sector organizations.



Smile Now, Cry Later

Author : Brisely Martinez Chavez

Publisher :

Page : 28 pages

File Size : 30,96 MB

Release : 2019

Category : Gangs

ISBN :

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Book Description

This life history case study will examine how an individual has navigated the impact of a civil gang injunction by analyzing his life through the use of testimonio. Further, it explores the impact a civil gang injunction has on the Latino male both as an individual, but also as part of his greater immediate group, namely those from the same neighborhood and on the same injunction. Additionally, it seeks to underscore the punitive nature of gang injunctions through a Critical Race Theory (CRT) lens, drawing close attention to how Latino males experience added forms of oppression and displacement through hyper-policing and how the injunction mirrors a 'carceral state'. Therefore, using an individual's life history case study I argue that the hyperpolicing inflicted by gang injunctions increase the added forms of oppression that Latino males already experience and ultimately extends the carceral state beyond the physical imprisonment of an institution into the outside world. Overall, contrary to prior research on civil gang injunctions, this research aims to put the participant at the forefront of the analysis by using his direct testimony and first-hand experiences.



Our Children, Their Children

Author : Darnell F. Hawkins

Publisher : University of Chicago Press

Page : 471 pages

File Size : 12,92 MB

Release : 2010-02-15

Category : Social Science

ISBN : 0226319911

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Book Description

In Our Children, Their Children, a prominent team of researchers argues that a second-rate and increasingly punitive juvenile justice system is allowed to persist because most people believe it is designed for children in other ethnic and socioeconomic groups. While public opinion, laws, and social policies that convey distinctions between "our children" and "their children" may seem to conflict with the American ideal of blind justice, they are hardly at odds with patterns of group differentiation and inequality that have characterized much of American history. Our Children, Their Children provides a state-of-the-science examination of racial and ethnic disparities in the American juvenile justice system. Here, contributors document the precise magnitude of these disparities, seek to determine their causes, and propose potential solutions. In addition to race and ethnicity, contributors also look at the effects on juvenile justice of suburban sprawl, the impact of family and neighborhood, bias in postarrest decisions, and mental health issues. Assessing the implications of these differences for public policy initiatives and legal reforms, this volume is the first critical summary of what is known and unknown in this important area of social research.



Race, Gangs and Youth Violence

Author : Gunter, Anthony

Publisher : Policy Press

Page : 289 pages

File Size : 35,79 MB

Release : 2017-02-15

Category : Social Science

ISBN : 1447322886

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Book Description

This book aims to challenge current thinking about serious youth violence and gangs, and their racialisation by the media and the police. Written by an expert with over 14 years’ experience in the field, it brings together research, theory and practice to influence policy. Placing gangs and urban violence in a broader social and political economic context, it argues that government-led policy and associated funding for anti-gangs work is counter-productive. It highlights how the street gang label is unfairly linked by both the news-media and police to black (and urban) youth street-based lifestyles/cultures and friendship groups, leading to the further criminalisation of innocent black youth via police targeting. The book is primarily aimed at practitioners, policy makers, academics as well as those community-minded individuals concerned about youth violence and social justice.





Race and Ethnicity in the Juvenile Justice System

Author : Tina L. Freiburger

Publisher :

Page : pages

File Size : 48,82 MB

Release : 2016-12-01

Category : Discrimination in juvenile justice administration

ISBN : 9781611635348

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Race and Ethnicity in the Juvenile Justice System provides a comprehensive empirical examination of the role of race and ethnicity in the juvenile court. Using empirical research as a foundation, the authors examine how race and ethnicity influence multiple decision points for youth entering the juvenile system including arrest, referral, petition, pre-adjudication release, adjudication, and disposition. The authors ground the decision-making in a separate chapter that exclusively focuses on theories that can be used to explain the role of race and ethnicity in juvenile justice processing. Additionally, there is an examination of how community factors differentially impact decision-making based on the race/ethnicity of youth, the role of race/ethnicity in the practice of transferring youth to adult court, and how race influences juveniles' perceptions of police and the juvenile system. Also, the authors empirically examine the role of race/ethnicity on the processing of status offenders and how it influences female involvement in delinquency. In framing all of these salient issues in the proper context, the authors provide a historical analysis on the role of race in development of the juvenile court system and how different races were treated both before and after the juvenile court's implementation. The underlying theme of the text is that all races/ethnicities of youth were not initially served by or meant to benefit from the juvenile court. Therefore, the continuing racial and ethnic disparities currently observed in the system can be traced to the pre-juvenile court era.





How Structural Disadvantage Affects the Relationship Between Race and Gang Membership

Author : Mary Therese Laske Bell

Publisher :

Page : 52 pages

File Size : 47,32 MB

Release : 2007

Category : Gang members

ISBN :

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Book Description

"This project will focus on combining the two ideas of race and social disorganization in order to understand the structural impacts on gang membership for different racial and ethnic groups. Just as other scholars have addressed structural and individual aspects in other criminological areas of study, applying this perspective to my project will contribute to the literature on gangs. It is important to continue studying gangs because of the serious individual and societal outcomes of gang membership which include violence, victimization, and incarceration. I argue that in order to really understand why some adolescents are more vulnerable to becoming gang members than others, we have to look at structural influences and individual characteristics together. Using data from the Add Health dataset (Harris et al., 2003), I will be able to test the relationship between race and ethnicity and gang membership among a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Additionally, to answer the call of Papachristos and Kirk (2005), I will be able to test the relationship between concentrated disadvantage and gang membership. Finally, I will contribute to the gang literature by uncovering the effects of the combination of race and space on gang membership."--Page 22 (i.e., 14).