The Wretched Youth, Power, and the Future of South Africa


Book Description

The first chapter takes the reader through my personal journey as young man growing in the dusty villages of a remote part of South Africa. The daily struggles that I had to overcome to get to where I am today, and the determination to overcome these struggles or to succumb to them. Through personal accounts of my toils I try to tell a story of most young black South Africans trying to escape harsh reality that beats most of us into submission. It is a sad but true story. The chapter explains the anger, bitterness and frustrations that have characterised the rhetoric around black empowerment through nationalisation of the commanding heights of the economy. The anger and frustrations which are negative energies can be channelled into positive actions thus converting them to positive energy. These positive actions may include shaping public opinion or influencing government or private sector policies and practices, but to do this you need power. The book explores the concept of power in a new and dynamic way. It begins by demystifying the myth about power that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. It rids "power", a purely neutral word, of the negative connotations associated with it by portraying and associating it with great figures such as Jesus Christ, Mother Teresa and Nelson Mandela to mention a few. Furthermore, the book takes the reader through a journey of self-discovery by introducing concepts such as self-interest and relationships with others. Through acquiring knowledge about the true nature of one's self-interest can be a campus that guides us in our relationships with others, whether we are in public or private relationship. These win-win relationships can grow to become social movements that utilises social spaces such as social media to shape the public life (government and private-sector policies). Together, power and self-interest can be a powerful tool used for positive change, either personally or collectively. The chapter agitates the reader to consciously embark on a journey to power by building personal and professional relationships, cutting deals, ensuring win-win situation and so on.This chapter deals with the economic debate around nationalisation of the commanding heights of the economy, particularly the mining corporations. The author justifies, with valid reasons, the exclusion of the political debate on nationalisation. The chapter starts by briefly explaining the evolution of the South African economy. It continues to give account of the major corporations that played a pivotal role in the industrialisation and modernisation of the South African economy, namely; Anglo American and De Beers Corporations. By explaining the history of- and the evolution of these two giant corporations into dominant global market players, the author cautions the reader to study and thoroughly understand these two cartels' origins, affiliations, domestic and foreign influence and so on. I continue to highlight the act of necessity rather than ideology that drove the ANC to pursue a capitalist economy since 1994 and the role these two corporations played towards that push. From here, the author shall outline the economic rationale for nationalisation using both theory and practical examples. I will further sketch the various models of nationalisation including partial nationalisation, nationalisation with compensation and public private partnership (PPPs) and so forth. It is by judging the evidence and information that I shall have presented that we can arrive at a logical and informed decision regarding the issue of nationalisation in a mixed capitalist economy. My last chapter focuses on youth development, particularly personal development. It will approach youth development with two approaches namely; the internal and external approach.







Black Power in South Africa


Book Description

"This book, better than any I have seen, provides an understanding of the politics and ideology of orthodox African nationalism, or Black Power, in South Africa since World War II. . . . from the Youth League of the African Student National Congress (ANC) of the late 1940s to the South African Student Organization (SASO) and the Black Consciousness Movement of the 1970s."—Perspective "Clarifies some of the main issues that have divided the black leadership and rescues the work of some pioneering nationalist theorists. . . . It's an absorbing piece of history."—New York Times "Informative and well-researched. . . . She ably explores the nuances of the two main movements until 1960 and explains why blacks were so receptive to black consciousness in the late Sixties."—New York Review




Taking Care of the Future


Book Description

Taking Care of the Future examines the moral dimensions and transformative capacities of education and humanitarianism through an intimate portrayal of learners, volunteers, donors, and educators at a special needs school in South Africa and a partnering UK-based charity. Drawing on his professional experience of “inclusive education” in London, Oliver Pattenden investigates how systems of schooling regularly exclude and mishandle marginalized populations, particularly exploring how “street kids” and poverty-afflicted young South Africans experience these dynamics as they attempt to fashion their futures. By unpacking the ethical terrains of fundraising, voluntourism, Christian benevolence, human rights, colonial legacies, and the post-apartheid transition, Pattenden analyzes how political, economic and social aspects of intervention materialize to transform the lives of all those involved.




Race for Education


Book Description

Following the end of apartheid in 1994, the ANC government placed education at the centre of its plans to build a nonracial and more equitable society. Yet, by the 2010s a wave of student protests voiced demands for decolonised and affordable education. By following families and schools in Durban for nearly a decade, Mark Hunter sheds new light on South Africa's political transition and the global phenomenon of education marketisation. He rejects simple descriptions of the country's move from 'race to class apartheid' and reveals how 'white' phenotypic traits like skin colour retain value in the schooling system even as the multiracial middle class embraces prestigious linguistic and embodied practices the book calls 'white tone'. By illuminating the actions and choices of both white and black parents, Hunter provides a unique view on race, class and gender in a country emerging from a notorious system of institutionalised racism.




Inequality Studies from the Global South


Book Description

This book offers an innovative, interdisciplinary approach to thinking about inequality, and to understanding how inequality is produced and reproduced in the global South. Without the safety net of the various Northern welfare states, inequality in the global South is not merely a socio-economic problem, but an existential threat to the social contract that underpins the democratic state and society itself. Only a response that is firmly grounded in the context of the global South can hope to address this problem. This collection brings together scholars from across the globe, with a particular focus on the global South, to address broad thematic areas such as the conceptual and methodological challenges of measuring inequality; the political economy of inequality in the global South; inequality in work, households and the labour market; and inequalities in land, spaces and cities. The book concludes by suggesting alternatives for addressing inequality in the global South and around the world. The pioneering ideas and theories put forward by this volume make it essential reading for students and researchers of global inequality across the fields of sociology, economics, law, politics, global studies and development studies.




R.U.S.I. Journal


Book Description




Nostalgia after Apartheid


Book Description

In this engaging book, Amber Reed provides a new perspective on South Africa’s democracy by exploring Black residents’ nostalgia for life during apartheid in the rural Eastern Cape. Reed looks at a surprising phenomenon encountered in the post-apartheid nation: despite the Department of Education mandating curricula meant to teach values of civic responsibility and liberal democracy, those who are actually responsible for teaching this material (and the students taking it) often resist what they see as the imposition of “white” values. These teachers and students do not see South African democracy as a type of freedom, but rather as destructive of their own “African culture”—whereas apartheid, at least ostensibly, allowed for cultural expression in the former rural homelands. In the Eastern Cape, Reed observes, resistance to democracy occurs alongside nostalgia for apartheid among the very citizens who were most disenfranchised by the late racist, authoritarian regime. Examining a rural town in the former Transkei homeland and the urban offices of the Sonke Gender Justice Network in Cape Town, Reed argues that nostalgic memories of a time when African culture was not under attack, combined with the socioeconomic failures of the post-apartheid state, set the stage for the current political ambivalence in South Africa. Beyond simply being a case study, however, Nostalgia after Apartheid shows how, in a global context in which nationalism and authoritarianism continue to rise, the threat posed to democracy in South Africa has far wider implications for thinking about enactments of democracy. Nostalgia after Apartheid offers a unique approach to understanding how the attempted post-apartheid reforms have failed rural Black South Africans, and how this failure has led to a nostalgia for the very conditions that once oppressed them. It will interest scholars of African studies, postcolonial studies, anthropology, and education, as well as general readers interested in South African history and politics.




From 'Foreign Natives' to 'Native Foreigners'. Explaining Xenophobia in Post-apartheid South Africa


Book Description

Xenophobia is a political discourse. As such, its historical development as well as the conditions of its existence must be elucidated in terms of the practices and prescriptions that structure the field of politics. In South Africa, its history is connected to the manner citizenship has been conceived and fought over during the past fifty years at least. Migrant labour was de-nationalised by the apartheid state, while African nationalism saw it as the very foundation of that oppressive system. However, only those who could show a family connection with the colonial/apartheid formation of South Africa could claim citizenship at liberation. Others were excluded and seen as unjustified claimants to national resources. Xenophobia's current conditions of existence are to be found in the politics of a post-apartheid nationalism were state prescriptions founded on indigeneity have been allowed to dominate uncontested in condition of passive citizenship. The de-politicisation of a population, which had been able to assert its agency during the 1980s, through a discourse of 'human rights' in particular, has contributed to this passivity. State liberal politics have remained largely unchallenged. As in other cases of post-colonial transition in Africa, the hegemony of xenophobic discourse, the book shows, is to be sought in the character of the state consensus. Only a rethinking of citizenship as an active political identity can re-institute political agency and hence begin to provide alternative prescriptions to the political consensus of state-induced exclusion.