Toward a Free Economy


Book Description

The unknown history of economic conservatism in India after independence Neoliberalism is routinely characterized as an antidemocratic, expert-driven project aimed at insulating markets from politics, devised in the North Atlantic and projected on the rest of the world. Revising this understanding, Toward a Free Economy shows how economic conservatism emerged and was disseminated in a postcolonial society consistent with the logic of democracy. Twelve years after the British left India, a Swatantra (“Freedom”) Party came to life. It encouraged Indians to break with the Indian National Congress Party, which spearheaded the anticolonial nationalist movement and now dominated Indian democracy. Rejecting Congress’s heavy-industrial developmental state and the accompanying rhetoric of socialism, Swatantra promised “free economy” through its project of opposition politics. As it circulated across various genres, “free economy” took on meanings that varied by region and language, caste and class, and won diverse advocates. These articulations, informed by but distinct from neoliberalism, came chiefly from communities in southern and western India as they embraced new forms of entrepreneurial activity. At their core, they connoted anticommunism, unfettered private economic activity, decentralized development, and the defense of private property. Opposition politics encompassed ideas and practice. Swatantra’s leaders imagined a conservative alternative to a progressive dominant party in a two-party system. They communicated ideas and mobilized people around such issues as inflation, taxation, and property. And they made creative use of India’s institutions to bring checks and balances to the political system. Democracy’s persistence in India is uncommon among postcolonial societies. By excavating a perspective of how Indians made and understood their own democracy and economy, Aditya Balasubramanian broadens our picture of neoliberalism, democracy, and the postcolonial world.




The Swatantra Party and Indian Conservatism (Classic Reprint)


Book Description

Excerpt from The Swatantra Party and Indian Conservatism Under these circumstances, it may only be an embarrassment to those whose help is appreciated to have their names mentioned here. Still, I should like to express my deepest gratitude to Professors Lloyd and Susanne Rudolph (now of the University of Chicago) and to Dr Barrington Moore, Ir., who painstakingly and affectionately - but with often distressingly honest criticism directed the Harvard University dissertation upon which this bookis based; and these same people have been involved subsequently in its wholesale revision. Thanks are due also to Professor Myron Weiner, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who read the manuscript in toto and who rendered valuable criticism as well as encouragement and who generously made available some pertinent manuscript material of his own; and to my Dartrnouth colleagues, Professors Henry Ehrmann, Kalman Silvert, and Vincent Star zinger, who have given valuable aid and encouragement at various important junctures. Debts of gratitude are also due to Harvard University and the Fulbright Foundation for jointly sponsoring a year of research in India in 1962-35 to Professor R. Bhaskaran of the University of Madras, who was of much help during that year; to the Comparative Studies Center, Dartmouth College, for sup port of research time in 1964 - 5 and for supplementing a grant from the American Institute of Indian Studies, to make possible a second tripfto India in 1966 - 7, when much up-dating was under taken. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.




Swatantra


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General Secretary's Report


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India Unbound


Book Description

India today is a vibrant free-market democracy, a nation well on its way to overcoming decades of widespread poverty. The nation’s rise is one of the great international stories of the late twentieth century, and in India Unbound the acclaimed columnist Gurcharan Das offers a sweeping economic history of India from independence to the new millennium. Das shows how India’s policies after 1947 condemned the nation to a hobbled economy until 1991, when the government instituted sweeping reforms that paved the way for extraordinary growth. Das traces these developments and tells the stories of the major players from Nehru through today. As the former CEO of Proctor & Gamble India, Das offers a unique insider’s perspective and he deftly interweaves memoir with history, creating a book that is at once vigorously analytical and vividly written. Impassioned, erudite, and eminently readable, India Unbound is a must for anyone interested in the global economy and its future.




Breaking Free of Nehru


Book Description

The book discusses the impact of Nehruvian socialism on freedom in India. It reflects on India s post-independence experience and finds that India needs to move well beyond socialist paradigms towards freedom and innovation if it wishes to retrieve its status as a great nation. It then traces the causes of India`s political and bureaucratic corruption, its poverty, and its large, illiterate population. The book then proposes numerous ways to transform India`s governance thorough competitive, freedom-based, solutions. Solutions recommended range from a re-write of the Indian Constitution in order to make it simpler and clearly focused on freedom, to the radical restructure of the Indian public services based on modern public sector reforms across the world. It advocates state funding of elections, raising the salaries of politicians significantly, freeing the labour market, imposing carbon taxes on pollution, seeking compensatory payments from developed countries for their prior carbon emissions, and complete privatisation of school and university education. It argues that India can, and should, aspire to be the world s best in everything it does. I believe that no Indian should settle for anything less than that.










The Environmentalism of the Poor


Book Description

This is a wonderful book rich in empirical detail, full of theoretical insights, offering hope in a bleak world, altogether inspiring. . . a tremendous achievement of having helped to create the disciplines of ecological economics and political ecology, bringing them alive in this book, and making their insights available to the developing worldwide movement for environmental justice. Pat Devine, Environmental Values Any book by the ecological economist Joan Martinez-Alier is a Big Publishing Event. . . this is a book by a writer who loves his subject, knows it well, respects its history, and is driven by the desire to do justice. These are qualities enough to send you to the bookshop or the library in search of The Environmentalism of the Poor. Andrew Dobson, Environment Politics The book is a worthy and in-depth contribution to debates about political ecology and ecological economics. It should be read by all environmental and ecological economists who wish to make their analysis more relevant. Tim Forsyth, Progress in Development Studies A marvellous combination of insight, research and activism. . . A must-read for policymakers, practitioners and academics alike, and for anyone concerned with sustainable development, environmentalism or poverty alleviation. Human Ecology Journal . . . one of the most important environmental books to have been published recently. Martinez-Alier integrates two of the most significant areas of environmental theory political ecology and ecological economics. Eurig Scandrett, Friends of the Earth Scotland The book has three main strengths: its bibliography, which is extensive; the global perspective on the environmental movement and the relationship with poverty; and the general theme of this interdisciplinary work, which is not so much to provide new information, but to consider the existing information in a new light. Martinez-Alier is to be commended for taking such a step in the literature . . . the writing style is extremely approachable . . . Recommended. B.J. Peterson, Choice [Joan] Martinez-Alier combines the honest discipline of a scholar with the passionate energy of an activist. The result, The Environmentalism of the Poor, is highly recommended! Herman E. Daly, University of Maryland, College Park, US The Environmentalism of the Poor has the explicit intention of helping to establish two emerging fields of study political ecology and ecological economics whilst also investigating the relations between them. The book analyses several manifestations of the growing environmental justice movement , and also of popular environmentalism and the environmentalism of the poor , which will be seen in the coming decades as driving forces in the process to achieve an ecologically sustainable society. The author studies, in detail, many ecological distribution conflicts in history and at present, in urban and rural settings, showing how poor people often favour resource conservation. The environment is thus not so much a luxury of the rich as a necessity of the poor. It concludes with the fundamental questions: who has the right to impose a language of valuation and who has the power to simplify complexity? Joan Martinez-Alier combines the study of ecological conflicts and the study of environmental valuation in a totally original approach that will appeal to a wide cross-section of academics, ecologists and environmentalists.